Table 2 Cellular receptors involved in AGE recognition and signaling pathways
Receptor | Binding AGEs | Cellular functions | Signaling pathways involved | Related diseases/conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
RAGE (Receptor for AGEs) | CML, CEL, Pentosidine, MG-H1 | Activation of pro-inflammatory responses | NF-κB, MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, PI3K/Akt, NADPH oxidase | CVD, Diabetic nephropathy |
AGER1/OST-48 (Advanced glycation end product-specific receptor 1) | CML, Pyrraline | Suppression of inflammation, AGER/RAGE antagonist | Suppression of RAGE-mediated signaling | CVD, Diabetic retinopathy |
AGER2/SR-B1 (Advanced glycation end product-specific receptor 2) | CML, MG-H1 | Endocytosis and clearance of AGEs, Regulation of lipid metabolism | PKC, JAK/STAT, MAPK, NF-κB | CVD, Alzheimer's disease |
CD36 (Cluster of Differentiation 36) | CEL, Pentosidine | Macrophage foam cell formation, Oxidized LDL uptake | TLR4/TLR6, NF-κB, JNK, p38 MAPK, NADPH oxidase | Atherosclerosis, CVD |
LOX-1 (Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1) | CML, Pyrraline | Endothelial dysfunction, Foam cell formation, Apoptosis | NF-κB, MAPK, NADPH oxidase, Caspases, FAK, Src family kinases | CVD, Diabetic retinopathy |