Fig. 2
From: Treatment of brainstem and fourth ventricle lesions by the full neuroendoscopic telovelar approach
Resection a pontine tegmentum cavernous malformation by full neuroendoscopic telovelar approach. A CT imaging shown a small hematoma in the left pontine tegmentum. B T2-MRI shown irregular and heterogeneous signals in pontine tegmentum; C MRI SWAN sequence suggested a cavernous malformation; D head fixed in a head-holder and slightly flexed; E the median aperture of the fourth ventricle was exposed. F The tela choroidea, inferior medullary velum was visualized and protected. G The floor of the fourth ventricle was exposed. H The upper fourth ventricle floor was exposed, and the median eminence yellowing. I A small, cavernous malformation in the pontine tegmentum was identified and removed. J The patient recovered well after the operation. K Postoperative CT scan shown the hematoma was removed completely. L Histopathological examination revealed a cavernous malformation