Fig. 3
From: Treatment of brainstem and fourth ventricle lesions by the full neuroendoscopic telovelar approach
Resection a right pontine arm cavernous malformation by full neuroendoscopic telovelar approach. A CT imaging shown a small hematoma in the right pontine arm. B–D MRI showed a cavernous hemangioma with hemorrhage in the right pontine arm. E Head fixed in a head-holder and slightly flexed. F The lesion was seen under neuroendoscopy. G Resection of lesion under neuroendoscopy. H, I After lesion resection, neuroendoscopic exploration of the fourth ventricle showed the outlet of aqueduct of midbrain. J The complete lesion. K Postoperative CT scan shown the lesion was removed completely. L Histopathological examination revealed a cavernous malformation