Fig. 3
Ti-alloy particles inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. A Alizarin Red S staining and quantitative analysis of calcified matrix in cells cultured with the 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% concentrations of Ti-alloy particles. B Expression of ALP in culture medium treated with the 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% concentrations of Ti-alloy particles at 7, 14, and 21 days of osteogenic differentiation. C–G Expression of Runx2, OCN, Sp-7 and β-catenin were detected by western-blot analysis following treatment with the 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% concentrations of Ti-alloy particles after 21 days of osteogenic differentiation. H BMSCs were treated with 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% concentrations of Ti-alloy particles for 24 h. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. I RT-PCR of Runx2, ALP, OCN and β-catenin, Lef-1, Tcf-4 after 21 days of osteogenic differentiation. Data are shown as the mean ± SD. Compared with Control group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001, n = 3