Table 1 Univariate analysis of prognosis in older patients with severe brain injury after surgery
From: Risk factors of prognosis in older patients with severe brain injury after surgical intervention
Factors | Total n = 269 | Survivor n = 171 (63.6%) | Death n = 98 (36.4%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | ||||
 60–74 | 212 (67.1%) | 145 (67.1%) | 67 (32.9%) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 75 | 57 (32.9%) | 25 (42.1%) | 32 (57.9%) | |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 209 (77.5%) | 127 (55.3%) | 82 (44.7%) | 0.075 |
 Female | 60 (22.5%) | 44 (71.2%) | 16 (28.8%) | |
Mechanisms of injury | ||||
 Traffic accident | 141 (51.9%) | 88 (55.8%) | 53 (44.2%) | 0.086 |
 Fall | 111 (41.1%) | 76 (66.3%) | 35 (33.7%) | |
 Fall from height | 17 (7.0%) | 7 (37.5%) | 10 (62.5) | |
GCS score at admission | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 3–5 | 141 (57.6%) | 58 (39.1%) | 83 (60.9%) | < 0.001 |
 6–8 | 128 (42.4%) | 113 (85.7%) | 15 (14.3%) | |
Underlying diseases | ||||
 ≤ 2 | 193 (71.0%) | 141 (68.3%) | 52 (31.7%) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 3 | 76 (29.0%) | 30 (35.8%) | 46 (64.2%) | |
Types of hematoma | ||||
 Subdural hematoma | 172 (70.1%) | 101 (60.5%) | 71 (39.5%) | 0.070 |
 Epidural hematoma | 15 (5.2%) | 12 (75%) | 3 (25%) | |
 Cerebral contusion and Laceration and/or intracerebral hematoma | 82 (24.7%) | 58 (68.4%) | 24 (31.6%) | |
Abnormal pupillary response | ||||
 Unilateral | 168 (58.0%) | 145 (83.6%) | 23 (16.4%) | < 0.001 |
 Bilateral | 101 (42.0%) | 26 (24.7%) | 75 (75.3%) | |
Disappearance of ambient cistern | ||||
 No | 163 (60.6%) | 143 (87.7%) | 20 (12.3%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 106 (39.4%) | 28 (26.4%) | 78 (73.6%) | |
Oxygen saturation < 90% | ||||
 No | 179 (64.1%) | 148 (79.1%) | 31 (20.9%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 90 (35.9%) | 23 (22.9%) | 67 (77.1%) | |
Intraoperative brain swelling | ||||
 No | 173 (59.7%) | 145 (81.9%) | 28 (18.1%) | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 96 (40.3%) | 26 (24.7%) | 70 (75.3%) | |
The midline structure shift | ||||
 ≤ 1 cm | 154 (52.4%) | 136 (86.8%) | 18 (13.2%) | < 0.001 |
 > 1 cm | 115 (47.6%) | 35 (28.2%) | 80 (71.8%) | |
Using antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs | ||||
 No | 165 (61.3%) | 112 (67.9%) | 53 (32.1%) | 0.064 |
 Yes | 104 (38.7%) | 59 (56.7%) | 45 (43.3%) | |
Cerebral hernia | ||||
 No | 54 (20.1%) | 49 (90.7%) | 10 (9.3%) | 0.001 |
 Yes | 215 (79.9%) | 127 (59.1%) | 88 (40.9%) | |
Surgical methods | ||||
 Hematoma evacuation | 123 (45.7%) | 87 (70.7%) | 36 (29.3%) | 0.079 |
 Decompressive craniectomy | 44 (16.4%) | 26 (59.1%) | 18 (40.9%) | |
 Both | 102 (37.9%) | 58 (56.9%) | 44 (43.1%) | |
Median time to surgery in min (IQR) | 186 (164–223.5) | 184 (164–212) | 197 (164–232.3) | 0.174 |
Median duration of surgery in min (IQR) | 110 (104–117) | 108 (104–116) | 112 (104–120) | 0.055 |