Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
Characteristic | Total (N = 784) | Without AF (N = 619) | With AF (N = 165) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 73.38 ± 11.69 | 72.49 ± 12.30 | 76.70 ± 8.31 | < 0.001 |
Sex (N/%) | 0.133 | |||
Male | 390 (50%) | 317 (51%) | 73 (44%) | |
Female | 394 (50%) | 302 (49%) | 92 (56%) | |
Nationality (N/%) | >0.999 | |||
Non-Han | 36 (4.6%) | 28 (4.5%) | 8 (4.8%) | |
Han | 748 (95%) | 591 (95%) | 157 (95%) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.06 ± 3.23 | 25.13 ± 3.10 | 24.80 ± 3.68 | 0.302 |
Smoking (N/%) | 0.503 | |||
No | 579 (74%) | 461 (74%) | 118 (72%) | |
Yes | 205 (26%) | 158 (26%) | 47 (28%) | |
Drinking (N/%) | 0.319 | |||
No | 642 (82%) | 502 (81%) | 140 (85%) | |
Yes | 142 (18%) | 117 (19%) | 25 (15%) | |
Course of HT (years) | 13.13 ± 11.54 | 12.38 ± 11.23 | 15.91 ± 12.26 | 0.001 |
HT grade (N/%) | 0.063 | |||
I | 96 (12%) | 79 (13%) | 17 (10%) | |
II | 245 (31%) | 201 (32%) | 44 (27%) | |
III | 443 (57%) | 339 (55%) | 104 (63%) | |
HT stratification (N/%) | 0.236 | |||
Low-Risk | 8 (1.0%) | 6 (1.0%) | 2 (1.2%) | |
Mid-risk | 27 (3.4%) | 24 (3.9%) | 3 (1.8%) | |
High-risk | 62 (7.9%) | 51 (8.2%) | 11 (6.7%) | |
Extremely high-risk | 687 (88%) | 538 (87%) | 149 (90%) | |
CHD (N/%) | 0.005 | |||
No | 192 (24%) | 166 (27%) | 26 (16%) | |
Yes | 592 (76%) | 453 (73%) | 139 (84%) | |
Hyperlipidemia (N/%) | 0.033 | |||
No | 158 (20%) | 135 (22%) | 23 (14%) | |
Yes | 626 (80%) | 484 (78%) | 142 (86%) | |
Diabetes (N/%) | 0.608 | |||
No | 507 (65%) | 397 (64%) | 110 (67%) | |
Yes | 277 (35%) | 222 (36%) | 55 (33%) | |
Fatty liver (N/%) | 0.260 | |||
No | 574 (73%) | 447 (72%) | 127 (77%) | |
Yes | 210 (27%) | 172 (28%) | 38 (23%) | |
Hyperhomocysteinemia (N/%) | 0.059 | |||
No | 606 (77%) | 488 (79%) | 118 (72%) | |
Yes | 178 (23%) | 131 (21%) | 47 (28%) | |
β‐blocker use (N/%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 438 (56%) | 375 (61%) | 63 (38%) | |
Yes | 346 (44%) | 244 (39%) | 102 (62%) | |
LAD (mm) | 36.96 ± 7.22 | 35.49 ± 6.03 | 42.44 ± 8.58 | < 0.001 |
LVDD (mm) | 46.08 ± 5.74 | 45.77 ± 5.58 | 47.22 ± 6.21 | 0.007 |
EF (%) | 58.52 ± 8.30 | 59.32 ± 7.59 | 55.53 ± 10.03 | < 0.001 |
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (N/%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 181 (23%) | 91 (15%) | 90 (55%) | |
Yes | 603 (77%) | 528 (85%) | 75 (45%) | |
AR (N/%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 464 (59%) | 392 (63%) | 72 (44%) | |
Mild | 283 (36%) | 206 (33%) | 77 (47%) | |
Moderate | 34 (4.3%) | 20 (3.2%) | 14 (8.5%) | |
Severe | 3 (0.4%) | 1 (0.2%) | 2 (1.2%) | |
MR (N/%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 360 (46%) | 316 (51%) | 44 (27%) | |
Mild | 377 (48%) | 282 (46%) | 95 (58%) | |
Moderate | 34 (4.3%) | 14 (2.3%) | 20 (12%) | |
Severe | 13 (1.7%) | 7 (1.1%) | 6 (3.6%) | |
TR (N/%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 406 (52%) | 371 (60%) | 35 (21%) | |
Mild | 311 (40%) | 226 (37%) | 85 (52%) | |
Moderate | 44 (5.6%) | 16 (2.6%) | 28 (17%) | |
Severe | 23 (2.9%) | 6 (1.0%) | 17 (10%) | |
LVSD (N/%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 703 (90%) | 569 (92%) | 134 (81%) | |
Yes | 81 (10%) | 50 (8.1%) | 31 (19%) | |
RWMA (N/%) | 0.014 | |||
No | 715 (91%) | 573 (93%) | 142 (86%) | |
Yes | 69 (8.8%) | 46 (7.4%) | 23 (14%) | |
Pah (N/%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 634 (81%) | 535 (86%) | 99 (60%) | |
Yes | 150 (19%) | 84 (14%) | 66 (40%) | |
LYMPH (*109/L) | 1.70 ± 0.73 | 1.74 ± 0.74 | 1.52 ± 0.67 | < 0.001 |
NLR | 3.13 ± 2.11 | 2.96 ± 1.85 | 3.77 ± 2.81 | < 0.001 |
UA (umol/L) | 347.03 ± 108.38 | 340.54 ± 103.28 | 371.38 ± 122.98 | 0.003 |
Scr (umol/L) | 80.58 ± 32.35 | 78.79 ± 29.78 | 87.29 ± 39.98 | 0.012 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.21 ± 1.09 | 4.27 ± 1.08 | 3.96 ± 1.11 | 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.54 ± 1.04 | 1.60 ± 1.09 | 1.31 ± 0.79 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.44 ± 0.80 | 2.49 ± 0.79 | 2.25 ± 0.79 | 0.001 |
hs-CRP (mg/L) | 1.99(0.94–5.57) | 1.86(0.92–4.49) | 2.77(1.32–13.43) | < 0.001 |
SChE (KU/L) | 8.08 ± 2.25 | 8.38 ± 2.18 | 6.95 ± 2.14 | < 0.001 |