Fig. 2

Features selection for prediction models using Lasso algorithm using tenfold cross-validation in the training set. The X-axis showed log (λ), and the Y-axis showed the model misclassification rate. The dotted vertical lines were drawn at the optimal values using the minimum criteria and the 1-se criteria, respectively. The 4, 19, and 7 features with non-zero coefficients were initially indicated for CBI Model (a), Rad Model (b), and CBR (c), respectively, according to the 1-se criteria