Table 1 Patient’s characteristics
Author years | Type of study/Number of patients | Mean age/Gender/underlying condition | Anatomical site of injury/trauma mechanism/type of injury | Type of repair | Results and follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pigula [5] (2000) | Case report/1 | 6 mo M/type B interrupted aortic arch | R EIA/TCC/acute bleeding/hematoma secondary to artery transection | Retroperitoneal approach and AISR | Follow-up: 4 mo BPG of 10 mmHg |
Lin [2] (2001) | Retrospective cohort/27 underwent surgery for acute complications | 4.8 y (Range, 1 w to 17.4 y)/ M = 19, F = 15/NS | CFA/DCC (70.2%) or TCC (58.8%) - ALLI, thrombosis (n = 14) - PsA (n = 4) - AVF (n = 5) - Bleeding/hematoma (n = 4) | -ALLI (n = 14): Thrombectomy + AISR (n = 6), or thrombectomy + resection with E-E anastomosis (n = 2), or thrombectomy plus SVPA (n = 6) - PsA: AISR - FAV: AISR, vein ligation or suture repair - Bleeding/hematoma: AISR | Mean follow-up: 38 mo (range, 8 to 62) No limb loss, 85% regain normal circulation 30-day mortality of 3% (n = 3) 12% overall morbidity |
Dogan [6] (2006) | Retrospective cohort/2 | 2 y NS/NS | Right CFA/ALLI, embolus (n = 1)/ Right CFA pseudoaneurysm (n = 1)/ Both after failed venipuncture | Embolectomy (n = 1) End-to-end anastomosis of CFA with 9/0 polypropylene (n = 1) | NS |
Aspalter [7] (2007) | Retrospective cohort/8 | 5.8 y (0.3 to 10.9 y)/F = 2, M = 4/ Ao Co (n = 2) ARDS (n = 1) SeD (n = 1) TOF (n = 1) NoCC (n = 3) | CFA: - DCC (n = 1) - TCC (n = 4) - Failed venipuncture (n = 3) - ALLI, thrombosis (n = 3) - PsA (n = 1) Psa + ALLI (n = 1) PsA + AVF (n = 1) PsA + bleeding (n = 1) CFA dissection + ALLI (n = 1) | - ALLI o ALLI + PsA: SVPA + thrombectomy (n = 4) - PsA: SVPA (n = 1) - PsA + AVF: SVPA + venorraphy (n = 1) - PsA + bleeding: SVPA (n = 1) - CFA dissection + ALLI: SVPA + thrombectomy (n = 1) Most cases with PDS 7/0 suture | Follow-up: 9 mo (1.8 to 77.6) All children regained normal circulation, which was defined by means of palpable pedal pulses |
Salvino [8] (2009) | Case report/1 | 1 m F/failed femoral vein cannulation | Right EIA and CFA/ALLI, thrombosis | Systemic heparinization first, after 96 h = embolectomy 2 Fr Fogarty catheter + 4 compartment fasciotomy | Reintervention for groin hematoma 24 h later Follow-up: 1 mo, with triphasic signals in the femoral artery by Doppler |
Tasar [9] (2014) | Cases report/2 | 10 d M, patent ductus arteriosus | Right CFA/TCC/ALLI/artery transection | Embolectomy 2 Fr Fogarty catheter and GSV interposition | Follow-up: NS, only reported as a “long-term follow-up”, colored Doppler USG showed that graft was patent, and no ischemia was observed |
And 2 y F, patent ductus arteriosus and Pulmonary valve stenosis | Right CFA/TCC/ALLI, thrombosis/EIA occlusion secondary to Amplatzer occluder migration | Iliofemoral bypass with 8 mm PTFE graft | Follow-up: 24 mo, duplex-ultrasonography showed that bypass graft was patent and physical examination was normal | ||
Andraska [3] (2017) | Retrospective cohort/ 81, 15 underwent surgery: 8 for ALLI | 39 M, 35 F/17 mo (1 day to 17 years) Surgery patients: ALLI = 10.8 y (range, 7 y to 17y) ECMO (n = 4) IIDS (n = 2) AML (n = 1) Multiple (n = 1) | CFA/ALLI (74): - Hemodynamic monitoring (n = 52) - TCC or DCC (n = 12) - Cannulation for ECMO (n = 7),—IIDS (n = 2), ALLI, thrombosis in surgical patients: - Iliofemoral (n = 3) - FCA (n = 3) - NS (n = 2) - PsA(n = 1) - Arterial dissection + thrombosis (n = 1) | - 92% (n = 68) a received anticoagulant treatment (LMWH) - 10.8% (n = 8) received surgery: - SVPA (n = 2) -Thrombectomy + AISR (n = 1) - Thrombectomy + SVPA + fasciotomy (n = 1) - Bypass with PTFE graft (n = 1) - Thrombectomy + SVPA + fasciotomy + amputation (n = 1) -Bilateral BTK amputation (n = 1) - AVF and Psa ligation (n = 2) | Follow-up: 6 mo (range, 0 to 16) in surgical patients Complication (n = 4): - Chronic DVT (n = 1) - Graft stenosis (n = 1) - Amputation revision (n = 1) - Reoperation for wound dehiscence (n = 1) 88% of limb salvage |
Beşir [10] (2017) | Retrospective cohort/17 | 11 F, 6 M/60.7 mo (SD 54.4)/ SeD (n = 7) TOF (n = 4) PDA (n = 2) AoCo (n = 2) NoCC (n = 2) | Right CFA (n = 11), left CFA (n = 3), left EIA (n = 1)/ -TCC or DCC (n = 15), - Surgical injury (n = 1) - External injury (n = 1) -ALLI, thrombosis (n = 10) - Hemorrhage (n = 5) | - AISR (n = 15) - E–E anastomosis (n = 1) - GSV graft interposition (n = 1) with 6/0 or 7/0 polypropylene suture - thrombectomy before repair (n = 16) | Follow-up: NS No mortality, no limb loss or infection |
LoGiudice [11] (2017) | Retrospective cohort/1 | 1 day F/transposition of great arteries | Right CFA and EIA/DCC/bleeding and ALLI secondary to EIA's avulsion | Iliofemoral bypass with GSV 6 cm of length using 9/0 suture | Follow-up: 36 mo, leg perfused |
Şişli [12] (2019) | Case report/1 | 11 mo F/PDA | Right CIA after TCC/ALLI secondary to arterial dissection | Laparotomy, and CIA to EIA bypass with PTFE | Follow-up: 5 mo No signs of limb ischemia and graft permeability |
Author’s cases (2022) | Cases report/3 | 12 y F/AoCo | Right CFA occlusion secondary to EIA eversion after Sheath retrieval/TCC/ALLI | Right EIA to CFA 6 mm PTFE graft bypass | Follow-up: 6 mo, bypass patency, palpable pulses, no claudication Reoperation 4 d after surgery due to retroperitoneal hematoma; internal iliac artery was ligated |
2 years/21 trisomy and pneumonia | R CFA/ALLI/thrombosis after failed venipuncture | Right femoral thrombectomy with 2Fr Fogarty and AISR | Follow-up: 8 mo, no signs of recurrent ischemia, normal growth chart as it was expected | ||
9 y M/SeD | ALLI, thrombosis, secondary to DCC/Right EIA and CFA | Thrombectomy with 2Fr Fogarty and AISR with 7/0 polypropylene suture | Follow-up: 2 y No claudication |