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Table 2 Chronic complications

From: Review of surgical treatment of iatrogenic iliofemoral artery injury in the pediatric population after catheterization

Author years

Type of study/Number of patients

Mean age/Gender/underlying condition

Anatomical site of injury/trauma mechanism/type of injury

Type of repair

Results and follow-up

Lin2 (2001)

Retrospective cohort (34 cases), 7 underwent surgery for CLI

4.8 y

(Range, 1 w to 17.4 y)/ M = 4, F = 3/NS

CLI (n = 7) CFA/NS

- Ileofemoral bypass with GSV (n = 5),

- Femoro-femoral bypass with GSV (1), or CFA SVPA (n = 1)

Follow-up: 40.1 mo (range of 1.9 to 5.1 y), all patients with palpable pedal pulses

Cardneau13

(2001)

Retrospective cohort of

12

7 y (range, 2 to 11 y)/M = 8, F = 4

CLI secondary to stenosis due to DCC or TCC:

- Left iliofemoral (n = 4)

- Right iliofemoral (n = 6)

- Right aortofemoral (n = 1)

- Right femoropopliteal (n = 2)

- Iliofemoral bypass with GSV (n = 10)

Aortofemoral bypass with GSV (n = 1)

Femoro femoral bypass with GSV (n = 1)

Follow-up: 9.4 y (range of 1.6 to 25.1 y)

Mean dilatation of GSV of 35% (range 0 to 50%)

Mean ABI of 0.97 post bypass vs. 0.7 preoperatively (p < 0.05) and diminution of LLD

Andraska3 (2017)

Retrospective cohort of

81, 7 underwent surgery for CLI

M = 3, F = 4/

42 mo (range, 15 to 72)/NS

CLI secondary to stenosis due to DCC or TCC:

- iliofemoral (n = 5)

- CFA (n = 2)

Revascularization (n = 7):

- Iliofemoral bypass with GSV (n = 5)

- Iliofemoral bypass with PTFE (n = 1)

- Femoral-SFA bypass with GSV(n = 1)

Follow-up: 50 mo (range, 1 to 118 mo)

2 graft stenosis,

1 reoperation due to graft occlusion

100% of limb salvage

Schwartz15

(2020)

Case report/1

8 year F/AoCo

CLI secondary to stenosis of R EIA and CFA after TCC at 28 weeks for aortic coarctation

SFA and profunda femoris artery bypass with GSV with 8/0 polypropylene suture

Follow-up: 6 y (72 mo), bypass patency. And normal growth chart as expected

  1. M male; F female; mo months; y years; w week; d days; EIA external iliac artery; CIA Common iliac artery; CFA common femoral artery; SFA superficial femoral artery; TCC Therapeutic Cardiac catheterization; DCC diagnostic cardiac catheterization; BPG blood pressure gradient between upper and lower extremities; AISR arterial interrupted suture repair; IIDS iatrogenic injury during surgery; NS not specified; PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene; ALLI acute lower limb ischemia; PsA Pseudoaneurysm; AVF arteriovenous fistulae; SVPA Saphenous vein patch angioplasty; NoCC noncardiac causes; DSA intraarterial digital subtraction angiography; SeD septal defect; TOF tetralogy of Fallot; ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome; AoCo aortic coarctation; PDA patent ductus arteriosus. ECMO Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; LMWH low molecular wight heparin. LLD Limb length discrepancies