Serum growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker of cardiac manifestations in children with COVID-19

Table 4 Statistical correlation between serum GDF-15 level with other studied parameters among studied patients with COVID-19

Studied parameters	Serum levels of GDF-15
	Spearman’s correlation	P-value
Weight	− 0.047	0.693
Weight for age Z-Score	− 0.398^**	0.001
Temperature	0.191	0.107
Heart rate	0.084	0.483
Oxygen saturation at room air	− 0.285^*	0.015
Systolic blood pressure	− 0.023	0.849
Diastolic blood pressure	− 0.218	0.066
Respiratory Rate	0.137	0.252
TLC	− 0.128	0.286
Lymphocytes	− 0.303^**	0.010
Neutrophils	0.006	0.963
Hemoglobin	− 0.157	0.189
Platelets	− 0.317^**	0.007
ESR	0.369^**	0.001
CRP	0.232*	0.050
LDH	0.238^*	0.044
D-dimer	0.708^**	0.000
Ferritin	0.228	0.054
PT	0.487^**	0.000
PTT	0.369^**	0.001
INR	0.365^**	0.002
ALT	0.077	0.522
AST	0.345^**	0.003
BUN	− 0.006	0.963
Creatinine	0.088	0.463
CK-Total	0.226	0.056
CK-MB	0.570^**	0.000
Troponin I	0.639^**	0.000
Number of lobes affected in chest CT	0.425^**	0.000
Ejection Fraction (Echo)	− 0.593^**	0.000

GDF-15Growth differentiation factor 15, TLC Total Leucocytic Count; ESR Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, PT Prothrombin Time; PTT Partial Thromboplastin Time, INR International normalized ratio, ALT Alanine Aminotransferase; AST Aspartate aminotransferase, BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen; CK Creatine kinase; CK-MB Creatine kinase MB, CT computerized tomography, ECHO echocardiography
P-value < 0.01: highly significant; ≤ 0.05 is significant; ˃0.05 is insignificant

ISSN: 2047-783X