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Table 6 Validity (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) for serum GDF-15 level to detect COVID-19 in pediatric patients, detect cardiac affection, and detect clinical severity

From: Serum growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a biomarker of cardiac manifestations in children with COVID-19

Parameter

AUC

P-value

Cut of Point (pg/ml)

Sensitivity

Specificity

PPV

NPV

Serum GDF-15 level to detect COVID-19

0.910

 < 0.001

 > 272.8

79.17

100.0

100.0

82.8

Serum GDF-15 level to detect cardiac affection

0.958

 < 0.001

 > 873.16

92.31

95.74

92.3

95.7

Serum GDF-15 level to detect clinical severity

0.957

 < 0.001

 > 688.5

88.57

97.30

96.9

90.0

  1. AUC Area under a Curve, (P- value) Probability value, (NPV) Negative predictive value, (PPV) Positive predictive value. GDF-15:Growth differentiation factor 15
  2. P-value < 0.01: highly significant (HS)