Covariates | Type | Entire | Training | Validation | P value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Percent | Number | Percent | Number | Percent | |||
Age | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 |  ≤ 60 | 246 | 49.10 | 116 | 46.40 | 130 | 51.79 | 0.2636 |
 |  > 60 | 255 | 50.90 | 134 | 53.60 | 121 | 48.21 |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Female | 133 | 26.55 | 70 | 28 | 63 | 25.10 | 0.5261 |
 | Male | 368 | 73.45 | 180 | 72 | 188 | 74.90 |  |
Smoking history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | No | 113 | 22.55 | 58 | 23.20 | 55 | 21.91 | 0.9418 |
 | Yes | 378 | 75.45 | 187 | 74.80 | 191 | 76.10 |  |
 | Unknown | 10 | 2 | 5 | 2 | 5 | 1.99 |  |
Alcohol history | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | No | 158 | 31.54 | 82 | 32.80 | 76 | 30.28 | 0.285 |
 | Yes | 332 | 66.27 | 165 | 66 | 167 | 66.53 |  |
 | Unknown | 11 | 2.20 | 3 | 1.20 | 8 | 3.19 |  |
Histopathological grade | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | G1 | 61 | 12.18 | 31 | 12.40 | 30 | 11.95 | 0.5758 |
 | G2 | 299 | 59.68 | 150 | 60 | 149 | 59.36 |  |
 | G3 | 119 | 23.75 | 61 | 24.40 | 58 | 23.11 |  |
 | G4 | 2 | 0.40 | – | – | 2 | 0.80 |  |
 | Unknown | 20 | 3.99 | 8 | 3.20 | 12 | 4.78 |  |
T classification | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | T1 | 33 | 6.59 | 16 | 6.40 | 17 | 6.77 | 0.0649 |
 | T2 | 144 | 28.74 | 59 | 23.60 | 85 | 33.86 |  |
 | T3 | 130 | 25.95 | 75 | 30 | 55 | 21.91 |  |
 | T4 | 179 | 35.73 | 94 | 37.60 | 85 | 33.86 |  |
 | Unknown | 15 | 2.99 | 6 | 2.40 | 9 | 3.59 |  |
N classification | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | N0 | 239 | 47.70 | 113 | 45.20 | 126 | 50.20 | 0.6737 |
 | N1 | 80 | 15.97 | 45 | 18 | 35 | 13.94 |  |
 | N2 | 153 | 30.54 | 78 | 31.20 | 75 | 29.88 |  |
 | N3 | 7 | 1.40 | 4 | 1.60 | 3 | 1.20 |  |
 | Unknown | 22 | 4.39 | 10 | 4 | 12 | 4.78 |  |
Metastasis status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | M +  | 25 | 4.99 | 15 | 6 | 10 | 3.98 | 0.535 |
 | M0 | 471 | 94.01 | 233 | 93.20 | 238 | 94.82 |  |
 | Unknown | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0.80 | 3 | 1.20 |  |
Stage | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 | Stage I | 19 | 3.79 | 9 | 3.60 | 10 | 3.98 | 0.0938 |
 | Stage II | 95 | 18.96 | 36 | 14.40 | 59 | 23.51 |  |
 | Stage III | 102 | 20.36 | 57 | 22.80 | 45 | 17.93 |  |
 | Stage IV | 271 | 54.09 | 142 | 56.80 | 129 | 51.39 |  |
 | Unknown | 14 | 2.79 | 6 | 2.40 | 8 | 3.19 |  |