A comprehensive review of the family of very-long-chain fatty acid elongases: structure, function, and implications in physiology and pathology

Table 1 Regulation of ELOVL family members in fatty acid metabolism

ELOVL family member	Regulation mode	Regulating factors
ELOVL1, ELOVL6	Lipogenic fashion similar to FAS	LXR, SREBP-1
ELOVL1, ELOVL3, ELOVL5, ELOVL6	Stimulated by PPARα	PPARα
ELOVL2	Controls elongation of PUFAs	Regulates the activity of PPARα
ELOVL3	Requires GC for induction	GC
ELOVL4	Regulated by PPARγ	PPARγ
ELOVL5	Controls elongation of PUFAs	Regulates the activity of PPARα
ELOVL7	Enhanced by progression of the entire VLCFA elongation cycle	Elongase complex built by the components of the VLCFA elongation machinery

FAS, fatty acid synthase; LXR, liver X receptor; SREBP-1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; GC, glucocorticoids; PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; VLCFA, very-long-chain fatty acid

ISSN: 2047-783X