Table 1 Clinical characteristics of study participants

Basic information

 Age (years), median (Q1, Q3)

56.0 (44.0, 68.0)

55.0 (51.3, 60.0)

0.997

 Gender (male, n, %)

203 (61.9%)

51 (77.3%)

0.059

 Heart rates (bpm)

80.0 (71.0,91.0)

81.0 (75.0,90.0)

0.948

 SBP (mmHg), mean (± SD)

151 (± 23.8)

153 (± 26.1)

0.918

 DBP (mmHg), median (Q1, Q3)

90.0 (80.0, 102)

88.0 (76.5, 96.0)

0.155

 BMI (kg/m²), median (Q1, Q3)

25.0 (22.2, 27.5)

25.6 (22.9, 28.0)

0.512

 Smoking (n, %)

116 (35.4%)

31 (47.0%)

0.206

 Alcohol consumption (n, %)

78 (23.8%)

11 (16.7%)

0.452

Past medical history

 DoH (years), median (Q1, Q3)

5.00 (1.00, 10.0)

5.00 (1.00, 10.0)

1

 Grade 3 hypertension (n, %)

240 (73.2%)

40 (60.6%)

0.121

 Diabetes (n, %)

84 (25.6%)

6 (9.1%)

0.014

 Stroke (n, %)

54 (16.5%)

7 (10.6%)

0.487

 Coronary heart disease (n, %)

87 (26.5%)

7 (10.6%)

0.022

 Chronic kidney disease (n, %)

93 (28.4%)

4 (6.1%)

 < 0.001

 Adrenal lesion (n, %)

56 (17.1%)

2 (3.0%)

0.013

Family medical history

 Hypertension (n, %)

119 (36.3%)

9 (13.6%)

0.001

Medication history

 ACEI (n, %)

28 (8.5%)

14 (21.2%)

0.01

 ARB (n, %)

113 (34.5%)

25 (37.9%)

0.868