Table 2 Nanocarriers for efficient delivery of anti-leukemia drugs

ATRA

PLGA polymeric nanoparticles

Allowed ATRA to be administered intravenously instead of orally

[78]

Curcumin

Excellent colloidal and drug stability as well as a dose-dependent cytotoxicity in leukemia Jurkat cells without altering the viability of fibroblast NIH3T3 cells

[79]

Imatinib mesylate

Polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles

Enhanced the cytotoxic effects of imatinib mesylate

[80]

Nilotinib

Imatinib

PCL nanoparticles

Better cytotoxicity against leukemia cells compared to free drug

[81]

Imatinib and doxorubicin

Sustained down-regulation of BCR–ABL as well as CML stem cell death due to synergism of both drugs with maximized cytotoxicity and minimized resistance to any one drug

[82]

RNA–protamine complex

PCL nanoparticles

High stability and stealth properties

[83]

SiRNA

(α-LA)–PEI nanoparticles

Silencing of the BCR–ABL gene and BCR–ABL protein, thereby decreasing the growth on CML K562 cells and arrested the growth of localized tumors

[84]

Paclitaxel and tanshinone

Mesoporous silica nanoparticle

A sustained release of both drugs with increased the uptake by NB4 cells compared to free drug

[85]

AS1411, doxorubicin and anti-221 miRNA

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPS)

Restored tumor suppressor expression and reduction of P-gp expression

[86]

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor

The new prepared bioconjugate had better therapeutic effect that TKI alone as well as effective trans-membrane delivery

[87]

-

Silver nanoparticles loaded on multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Increased antioxidant activity against leukemia cells in dose dependent manner

[88]

Imatinib

Quantum

Dots

sufficient internalization and apoptosis of cancer cells

[89]

ZNO

Lowered proliferation of NB4 cells through p21-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis leading to elevated expression of pro-apoptotic molecules

[90]

Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam leaf aqueous extract

Cadmium nanoparticles (CdNPs)

Ameliorated significantly (p ≤ 0.01) the biochemical, inflammatory, RBC, WBC, platelet, stereological, histopathological, and cellular–molecular parameters (anti-acute myeloid leukemia)

[93]