Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants
Variables | Total (n = 8000) | BMI (kg/m2) | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 18.5 (n = 965) | 18.5 − 24.9 (n = 4203) | 25 − 29.9 (n = 1558) | > 29.9 (n = 1274) | |||
Sex, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Male | 4156 (51.9) | 573 (59.4) | 2181 (51.9) | 829 (53.2) | 573 (45) | |
Female | 3844 (48.0) | 392 (40.6) | 2022 (48.1) | 729 (46.8) | 701 (55) | |
Age (years) | 16.9 (3.3) | 14.7 (2.5) | 16.8 (3.1) | 17.6 (3.4) | 18.0 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
Race, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Mexican American | 2559 (32.0) | 296 (30.7) | 1307 (31.1) | 548 (35.2) | 408 (32) | |
Other Hispanic | 464 (5.8) | 49 (5.1) | 235 (5.6) | 99 (6.4) | 81 (6.4) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 2397 (30.0) | 307 (31.8) | 1307 (31.1) | 456 (29.3) | 327 (25.7) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 2225 (27.8) | 251 (26) | 1167 (27.8) | 399 (25.6) | 408 (32) | |
Other race | 355 (4.4) | 62 (6.4) | 187 (4.4) | 56 (3.6) | 50 (3.9) | |
Physical activity (METs) | 1800.0 (661.5, 4305.0) | 1811.2 (721.0, 3840.0) | 1939.0 (735.0, 4594.3) | 1717.5 (611.6, 4154.5) | 1440.0 (481.3, 3840.0) | |
Weight (kg) | 67.7 (20.0) | 44.8 (7.3) | 61.0 (9.0) | 76.6 (9.8) | 99.5 (19.3) | < 0.001 |
Standing height (cm) | 166.1 (10.3) | 160.9 (10.7) | 166.4 (10.1) | 167.5 (9.9) | 167.5 (9.9) | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 17.0 (14.0, 22.0) | 15.0 (13.0, 18.0) | 16.0 (13.0, 20.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 26.0) | 22.0 (17.0, 31.0) | < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 22.0 (19.0, 26.0) | 24.0 (21.0, 28.0) | 22.0 (19.0, 26.0) | 22.0 (19.0, 27.0) | 22.0 (19.0, 27.0) | < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.2 (0.9) | 4.1 (0.7) | 4.1 (0.8) | 4.4 (0.9) | 4.5 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 0.7 (0.5, 1.0) | 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 1.2(0.8, 1.7) | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | < 0.001 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 (0.9) | 4.8 (0.8) | 4.8 (1.0) | 4.8 (0.8) | 5.0 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
Iron (μmol/L) | 14.9 (10.8, 19.7) | 15.4 (11.5, 20.1) | 15.8 (11.5, 20.6) | 14.5 (10.6, 19.2) | 12.2(8.6, 16.1) | < 0.001 |
C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.1) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.3 (0.1, 0.6) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 35 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 18 (0.4) | 7 (0.4) | 7 (0.5) | |
No | 7965 (99.6) | 962 (99.7) | 4185 (99.6) | 1551 (99.6) | 1267 (99.5) | |
Myopia A, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 3911 (48.9) | 451 (46.7) | 1984 (47.2) | 796 (51.1) | 680 (53.4) | |
No | 4089 (51.1) | 514 (53.3) | 2219 (52.8) | 762 (48.9) | 594 (46.6) | |
Myopia B, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 3149 (39.4) | 347 (36) | 1590 (37.8) | 643 (41.3) | 569 (44.7) | |
No | 4851 (60.6) | 618 (64) | 2613 (62.2) | 915 (58.7) | 705 (55.3) | |
Myopia C, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||||
Yes | 2580 (32.2) | 287 (29.7) | 1299 (30.9) | 533 (34.2) | 461 (36.2) | |
No | 5420 (67.8) | 678 (70.3) | 2904 (69.1) | 1025 (65.8) | 813 (63.8) | |