Association between body mass index and myopia in the United States population in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999 to 2008: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Association between BMI and myopia in multivariate logistic regression

Variables	Myopia	Crude Model		Adjusted Model 1		Adjusted Model 2		Adjusted Model 3
Variables	Myopia	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
BMI (kg/m²)	A	1.02 (1.01 ~ 1.02)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.01 ~ 1.02)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.00 ~ 1.02)	0.003	1.01 (1.00 ~ 1.02)	0.012
	B	1.02 (1.01 ~ 1.03)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.01 ~ 1.02)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.01 ~ 1.02)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.01 ~ 1.02)	0.001
	C	1.02 (1.01 ~ 1.02)	< 0.001	1.01 (1.00 ~ 1.02)	0.002	1.01 (1.00 ~ 1.02)	0.009	1.01 (1.00 ~ 1.02)	0.034
< 18.5	A	0.98 (0.85 ~ 1.13)	0.793	1.02 (0.88 ~ 1.17)	0.838	1.02 (0.88 ~ 1.18)	0.771	1.02 (0.88 ~ 1.18)	0.78
	B	0.92 (0.80 ~ 1.07)	0.279	0.96 (0.83 ~ 1.11)	0.594	0.97 (0.83 ~ 1.12)	0.655	0.97 (0.83 ~ 1.12)	0.656
	C	0.95 (0.81 ~ 1.10)	0.479	0.99 (0.85 ~ 1.16)	0.903	0.99 (0.85 ~ 1.16)	0.913	0.99 (0.84 ~ 1.16)	0.902
18.5–24.9	A
	B	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
	C
25–29.9	A	1.17 (1.04 ~ 1.31)	0.009	1.16 (1.03 ~ 1.30)	0.014	1.16 (1.02 ~ 1.31)	0.018	1.15 (1.02 ~ 1.30)	0.027
	B	1.15 (1.03 ~ 1.30)	0.017	1.14 (1.02 ~ 1.29)	0.027	1.15 (1.01 ~ 1.30)	0.03	1.14 (1.01 ~ 1.29)	0.037
	C	1.16 (1.03 ~ 1.32)	0.017	1.15 (1.02 ~ 1.30)	0.027	1.16 (1.02 ~ 1.32)	0.024	1.15 (1.01 ~ 1.31)	0.035
> 29.9	A	1.28 (1.13 ~ 1.45)	< 0.001	1.24 (1.09 ~ 1.41)	0.001	1.22 (1.06 ~ 1.40)	0.005	1.19 (1.03 ~ 1.37)	0.018
	B	1.33 (1.17 ~ 1.51)	< 0.001	1.28 (1.13 ~ 1.46)	< 0.001	1.27 (1.10 ~ 1.46)	0.001	1.25 (1.08 ~ 1.44)	0.003
	C	1.27 (1.11 ~ 1.45)	< 0.001	1.22 (1.07 ~ 1.40)	0.004	1.21 (1.05 ~ 1.40)	0.01	1.18 (1.01 ~ 1.37)	0.032

Myopia A was defined as spherical equivalent ≤ -0.5 D, myopia B was defined as spherical equivalent ≤ -0.75 D and myopia C was defined as spherical equivalent ≤ -1 D
Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, race, and diabetes mellitus
Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, race, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C
Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, physical activity, race, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, glucose, iron, CRP, and diabetes mellitus
ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, CRP C-reaction protein, BMI body mass index, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, D diopters

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