Table 1 Patient characteristics at baseline
| Â | Controls | Canalization defect | Controls | Unification defect | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | P value | Â | P value | |||
No. of patients | 332 | 332 | Â | 533 | 533 | Â |
Age (years old) | 32.0 ± 4.3 | 32.1 ± 4.5 | 0.947 | 31.1 ± 4.0 | 31.0 ± 4.3 | 0.620 |
Infertility type | Â | Â | 0.162 | Â | Â | 0.576 |
 Primary infertility | 183 (55.1%) | 165 (49.7%) |  | 310 (58.2%) | 319 (59.8%) |  |
 Secondary infertility | 149 (44.9%) | 167 (50.3%) |  | 223 (41.8%) | 214 (40.2%) |  |
Infertility duration | 3 (2, 5) | 3 (2, 6) | 0.453 | 3 (2,5) | 3 (2, 5) | 0.218 |
Previous pregnancy | Â | Â | 0.201 | Â | Â | 0.901 |
 0 | 198 (59.6%) | 182 (54.8%) |  | 341 (64.0%) | 333 (62.5%) |  |
 1 | 77 (23.2%) | 79 (23.8%) |  | 118 (22.1%) | 121 (22.7%) |  |
 2 | 30 (9.0%) | 47 (14.2%) |  | 42 (7.9%) | 50 (9.4%) |  |
 ≥ 3 | 27 (8.1%) | 24 (7.2%) |  | 32 (6.0%) | 29 (5.4%) |  |
Previous delivery | Â | Â | 0.255 | Â | Â | 0.220 |
 0 | 313 (94.3%) | 318 (95.8%) |  | 509 (95.5%) | 507 (95.1%) |  |
 1 | 18 (5.4%) | 11 (3.3%) |  | 24 (4.5%) | 23 (4.3%) |  |
 2 | 1 (0.3%) | 3 (0.9%) |  | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.6%) |  |
Spontaneous miscarriage | Â | Â | 0.002 | Â | Â | 0.048 |
 0 | 315 (94.9%) | 296 (89.2%) |  | 508 (95.3%) | 500 (93.8%) |  |
 1 | 13 (3.9%) | 15 (4.5%) |  | 20 (3.8%) | 17 (3.2%) |  |
 ≥ 2 | 4 (1.2%) | 21 (6.3%) |  | 5 (0.9%) | 16 (3.0%) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 22.68 ± 3.63 | 23.06 ± 3.49 | 0.141 | 22.4 ± 3.96 | 22.93 ± 3.77 | 0.806 |
AFC | 11 (7, 15) | 10 (7, 13.75) | 0.122 | 10 (6, 14) | 10 (6, 14) | 0.892 |
Baseline serum FSH (IU/ml) | 6.33 ± 2.78 | 6.42 ± 2.69 | 0.668 | 6.22 ± 2.99 | 6.97 ± 6.91 | 0.017 |
Cause of infertility | Â | Â | 0.276 | Â | Â | 0.000 |
 Unexplained reason | 77 (22.0%) | 82 (24.7%) |  | 111 (20.8%) | 120 (22.5%) |  |
 Both factor | 66 (19.9%) | 71 (21.4%) |  | 106 (19.9%) | 101 (18.9%) |  |
 Male factor | 85 (25.6%) | 67 (20.2%) |  | 134 (25.1%) | 93 (17.4%) |  |
 Female factor |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Tubal factor | 66 (19.9%) | 80 (24.1%) |  | 111 (20.8%) | 170 (31.9%) |  |
  Decreased ovarian reserve | 14 (4.2%) | 8 (2.4%) |  | 20 (3.8%) | 15 (2.8%) |  |
  Ovulation dysfunction | 18 (5.4%) | 19 (5.9%) |  | 38 (7.1%) | 26 (4.9%) |  |
  Endometriosis | 10 (3.0%) | 5 (1.5%) |  | 13 (2.4%) | 8 (1.5%) |  |
Complicated with myoma | 12 (3.6%) | 20 (6.0%) | 0.147 | 19 (3.6%) | 13 (2.4%) | 0.282 |