Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics of benign and early malignant ovarian tumor training set and validation set
Indicator | Benign | Early malignant | P value | Training | Validation | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | (n = 98) | (n = 99) |  | (n = 137) | (n = 60) |  |
Age* | 42.5 ± 14.5 | 47.6 ± 13.2 | 0.080 | 43.8 ± 14.6 | 47.8 ± 12.4 | 0.087 |
Menopause | Â | Â | 0.050 | Â | 0.061 | |
 No | 67 (68.4) | 51 (51.5) |  | 88 (64.2) | 30 (50.0) |  |
 Yes | 31 (31.6) | 48 (48.5) |  | 49 (35.8) | 30 (50.0) |  |
Histology | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.766 | |
 Benign |  |  |  |  |  | |
 Serous | 33 (33.7) |  |  | 23 (16.8) | 10 (16.7) |  |
 Mucinous | 21 (21.4) |  |  | 15 (10.9) | 6 (10.0) |  |
 Endometrioid | 7 (7.1) |  |  | 5 (3.6) | 2 (3.3) |  |
 Teratoma | 34 (34.7) |  |  | 24 (17.5) | 10 (16.7) |  |
 Other | 3 (3.1) |  |  | 2 (1.5) | 1 (1.7) |  |
Malignant | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | |
 Epithelial |  | 62 (62.6) |  | 43 (31.4) | 19 (31.7) |  |
 Sex cord stromal |  | 22 (22.2) |  | 15 (10.9) | 7 (11.7) |  |
 Embryonal |  | 10 (10.1) |  | 7 (5.1) | 3 (5.0) |  |
 Other |  | 5 (5.1) |  | 3 (2.3) | 2 (3.2) |  |
CA125 | Â | 0.000 | Â | 0.409 | ||
 ≤ 35 µ/mL | 78 (79.6) | 26 (26.3) |  | 75 (54.7) | 29 (48.3) |  |
 > 35 µ/mL | 20 (20.4) | 73 (73.7) |  | 62 (45.3) | 31 (51.7) |  |
CA199 | Â | 0.312 | Â | 0.528 | ||
 ≤ 37 µ/mL | 77 (78.6) | 77 (77.8) |  | 101(73.7) | 46 (76.7) |  |
 > 37u/mL | 19 (19.4) | 22 (22.2) |  | 36 (26.2) | 14 (23.3) |  |
HE4 | Â | 0.000 | Â | 0.138 | ||
 ≤ 120 pmol/L | 97 (99.0) | 57 (57.7) |  | 113 (82.5) | 41 (68.3) |  |
 > 120 pmol/L | 1 (1.0) | 42 (42.3) |  | 24 (17.5.0) | 19 (31.7) |  |
Maximum diameter | Â | 0.000 | Â | 0.318 | ||
 > 7 cm | 45 (45.9) | 14 (14.1) |  | 44 (32.1) | 15 (25.0) |  |
 ≤ 7 cm | 53 (54.1) | 85 (85.9) |  | 93 (67.9) | 45 (75.0) |  |
Ascites | Â | Â | 0.000 | Â | Â | 0.551 |
 Yes | 28 (28.6) | 67 (67.7) |  | 68 (49.6) | 27 (45.0) |  |
 No | 70 (71.4) | 32 (32.3) |  | 69 (50.4) | 33 (55.0) |  |
Bilateral | Â | Â | 0.055 | Â | Â | 0.251 |
 Yes | 46 (46.9) | 60 (60.6) |  | 70 (51.1) | 36 (60.0) |  |
 No | 52 (53.1) | 39 (39.4) |  | 67 (48.9) | 24 (40.0) |  |
Multilocular | Â | Â | 0.075 | Â | Â | 0.186 |
 Yes | 91 (92.9) | 84 (84.8) |  | 119 (86.9) | 56 (93.3) |  |
 No | 7 (7.1) | 15 (15.2) |  | 18 (13.1) | 4 (6.7) |  |
Peritoneal thickening | Â | Â | 0.063 | Â | Â | 0.683 |
 Yes | 16 (16.3) | 27 (27.3) |  | 31 (22.6) | 12 (20.0) |  |
 No | 82 (83.7) | 72 (72.7) |  | 106 (77.4) | 48 (80.0) |  |
Boundary | Â | Â | 0.124 | Â | Â | 0.257 |
 Clear | 38 (38.8) | 26 (26.3) |  | 41 (29.9) | 23 (38.3) |  |
 Intervenient | 32 (32.7) | 40 (40.4) |  | 53 (38.7) | 19 (31.7) |  |
 Obscure | 28 (28.5) | 33 (33.3) |  | 43 (31.4) | 18 (30.0) |  |
Enhancement | Â | Â | 0.323 | Â | Â | 0.338 |
 Mild | 26 (26.5) | 34 (34.3) |  | 38 (27.7) | 22 (36.7) |  |
 Moderate | 39 (39.8) | 35 (35.4) |  | 54 (39.4) | 20 (33.3) |  |
 Severe | 33 (33.7) | 30 (30.3) |  | 45 (32.8) | 18 (30) |  |