Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to different groups of body temperature among critically ill patients with coronary heart disease
Variables | Hypothermia (N = 1064) | Normothermia (N = 7076) | Hyperthermia (N = 437) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient characteristics | ||||
Age, years (SD) | 72.78 (11.78) | 68.46 (12.68) | 64.79 (13.20) | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 683 (64.2) | 4657 (65.8) | 273 (62.5) | 0.238 |
White, n (%) | 774 (72.7) | 4862 (68.7) | 256 (58.6) | < 0.001 |
Patient history, n (%) | ||||
Atrial fibrillation | 578 (54.3) | 3135 (44.3) | 188 (43.0) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 503 (47.3) | 2881 (40.7) | 161 (36.8) | < 0.001 |
COPD or PH | 352 (33.1) | 2418 (34.2) | 126 (28.8) | 0.064 |
Cardiogenic shock | 183 (17.2) | 719 (10.2) | 66 (15.1) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 509 (47.8) | 3576 (50.5) | 224 (51.3) | 0.236 |
Hyperlipidemia | 271 (25.5) | 1778 (25.1) | 108 (24.7) | 0.949 |
Hypertension | 269 (25.3) | 1766 (25.0) | 109 (24.9) | 0.974 |
Heart arrest | 85 (8.0) | 555 (7.8) | 49 (11.2) | 0.042 |
Prior myocardial infarction | 412 (38.7) | 2688 (38.0) | 160 (36.6) | 0.744 |
Previous cardiac surgery | 312 (29.3) | 1810 (25.6) | 103 (23.6) | 0.017 |
Laboratory tests | ||||
BUN, mg/dL (SD) | 35.23 (29.09) | 29.69 (22.51) | 28.72 (19.31) | < 0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL (SD) | 140.54 (57.41) | 143.25 (55.86) | 162.75 (74.43) | < 0.001 |
Hematocrit, % (SD) | 31.34 (5.51) | 31.41 (5.68) | 31.94 (5.99) | 0.181 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL (SD) | 10.13 (1.85) | 10.16 (1.95) | 10.27 (2.01) | 0.437 |
INR (SD) | 1.59 (0.87) | 1.46 (0.72) | 1.53 (0.75) | < 0.001 |
Lactate, mg/dL (SD) | 2.47 (1.85) | 2.11 (1.37) | 2.37 (1.73) | < 0.001 |
Potassium, mEq/L (SD) | 4.39 (0.61) | 4.34 (0.55) | 4.27 (0.60) | 0.002 |
Sodium, mEq/L (SD) | 137.61 (4.89) | 138.18 (4.50) | 139.23 (5.30) | < 0.001 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL (SD) | 1.75 (1.67) | 1.64 (1.63) | 1.72 (1.50) | 0.102 |
Platelet, K/µL (SD) | 180.21 (87.47) | 192.26 (88.64) | 189.51 (101.12) | < 0.001 |
WBC, K/µL (SD) | 11.95 (5.88) | 12.57 (8.43) | 14.05 (9.00) | < 0.001 |
ICU type, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Coronary Care Unit (CCU) | 239 (22.5) | 1193 (16.9) | 54 (12.4) | |
Cardiac Vascular Intensive Care Unit (CVICU) | 403 (37.9) | 2144 (30.3) | 53 (12.1) | |
Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) | 140 (13.2) | 1219 (17.2) | 115 (26.3) | |
Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Unit (MICU/SICU) | 125 (11.7) | 882 (12.5) | 69 (15.8) | |
Neuro Intermediate | 19 (1.8) | 227 (3.2) | 5 (1.1) | |
Neuro Stepdown | 10 (0.9) | 116 (1.6) | 3 (0.7) | |
Neuro Surgical Intensive Care Unit (Neuro SICU) | 24 (2.3) | 253 (3.6) | 48 (11.0) | |
Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) | 59 (5.5) | 561 (7.9) | 43 (9.8) | |
Trauma SICU (TSICU) | 45 (4.2) | 481 (6.8) | 47 (10.8) | |
Admission type, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Elective | 37 (3.5) | 210 (3.0) | 3 (0.7) | |
Emergency | 333 (31.3) | 2379 (33.6) | 199 (45.5) | |
Urgent | 287 (27.0) | 1555 (22.0) | 106 (24.3) | |
Other | 407 (38.3) | 2932 (41.4) | 129 (29.5) | |
Vital sign, n (%) | ||||
SBP | 113.53 (14.45) | 117.82 (15.70) | 116.54 (15.92) | < 0.001 |
DBP | 60.51 (10.55) | 62.36 (10.55) | 62.27 (10.76) | < 0.001 |
MBP | 76.04 (9.73) | 78.29 (10.34) | 77.81 (10.63) | < 0.001 |
Heart rate | 79.93 (14.50) | 82.32 (14.32) | 91.45 (16.34) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate | 18.96 (3.33) | 19.29 (3.32) | 21.39 (3.74) | < 0.001 |
Type of CHD, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Acute coronary syndrome | 963 (90.5) | 6332 (89.5) | 331 (75.7) | |
Stable coronary heart disease | 101 (9.5) | 744 (10.5) | 106 (24.3) | |
Vasoactive drugs during ICU stay, n (%) | ||||
Dobutamine | 81 (7.6) | 179 (2.5) | 22 (5.0) | < 0.001 |
Dopamine | 46 (4.3) | 194 (2.7) | 17 (3.9) | 0.010 |
Epinephrine | 99 (9.3) | 460 (6.5) | 51 (11.7) | < 0.001 |
Milrinone | 38 (3.6) | 109 (1.5) | 4 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
Norepinephrine | 279 (26.2) | 1717 (24.3) | 219 (50.1) | < 0.001 |
Phenylephrine | 282 (26.5) | 1584 (22.4) | 104 (23.8) | 0.011 |
Vasopressin | 112 (10.5) | 568 (8.0) | 98 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
Score system (SD) | ||||
SOFA | 5.83 (3.61) | 5.28 (3.46) | 7.60 (3.96) | < 0.001 |
SAPS II | 40.89 (12.75) | 37.81 (12.45) | 44.27 (15.10) | < 0.001 |
Outcome, n (%) | ||||
In-hospital mortality | 152 (14.3) | 677 (9.6) | 106 (24.3) | < 0.001 |
28-day mortality | 245 (23.0) | 1054 (14.9) | 132 (30.2) | < 0.001 |
90-day mortality | 312 (29.3) | 1385 (19.6) | 148 (33.9) | < 0.001 |
1-year mortality | 409 (38.4) | 2014 (28.5) | 181 (41.4) | < 0.001 |