Fig. 5

Scatter diagrams and a funnel chart were deployed to depict the cause-and-effect link of sarcopenia on UC and CD. This included an exploration of the impact of sarcopenia on UC (A, B) and its effect on CD (C, D). The research was conducted using conventional IVW, simple mode, weighted median, MR Egger, and weighted mode strategies. The gradient of each line symbolizes the approximated MR effect per technique. A funnel chart was selected to gauge the heterogeneity in the data. The azure line characterizes the IVW prediction, while the deep blue line exhibits the MR-Egger prediction