Effect of Buteyko breathing technique on clinical and functional parameters in adult patients with asthma: a randomized, controlled study

Vagedes, Katrin; Kuderer, Silja; Ehmann, Rainer; Kohl, Matthias; Wildhaber, Johannes; Jörres, Rudolf A.; Vagedes, Jan

doi:10.1186/s40001-023-01634-1

Table 3 Adjusted mean differences between parameters in Buteyko (BG) and usual treatment group (UT)

From: Effect of Buteyko breathing technique on clinical and functional parameters in adult patients with asthma: a randomized, controlled study

Parameters	Timepoint	BG (n = 30)	UT (n = 30)	Mean difference†	95% CI †	ES †	Adj. mean difference‡	95% CI ‡	ES ‡
Functional indices
CP, s	BL	12.13 ± 5.96	13.83 ± 7.05	− 1.70	− 5.07; 1.67	− 0.26	9.70	6.09; 13.31	1.39
CP, s	3-Mo FUP	20.80 ± 5.70	12.80 ± 5.37	8.00	5.14; 10.86	1.44	9.70	6.09; 13.31	1.39
MP, s	BL	18.70 ± 6.17	24.00 ± 10.88	− 5.30	− 9.90; − 0.70	− 0.60	17.07	11.98; 22.16	1.73
MP, s	3-Mo FUP	33.30 ± 10.76	21.53 ± 7.43	11.77	6.97; 16.56	1.27	17.07	11.98; 22.16	1.73
FEV₁, %predicted	BL	69 ± 22	80 ± 16	− 11	− 21; − 1	− 0.56	3	− 4; 9	0.22
FEV₁, %predicted	3-Mo FUP	73 ± 21	81 ± 19	− 8	− 19; 2	− 0.41	3	− 4; 9	0.22
asinh(s2)	BL	1.38 ± 0.36	1.44 ± 0.33	− 0.06	− 0.24,0.12	− 0.18	0.06	− 0.12,0.24	0.18
asinh(s2)	3-Mo FUP	1.37 ± 0.30	1.37 ± 0.38	0.00	− 0.18,0.18	0	0.06	− 0.12,0.24	0.18
asinh(s3)	BL	0.19 ± 0.15	0.14 ± 0.12	0.05	− 0.02,0.12	0.38	− 0.04	− 0.11,0.02	− 0.33
asinh(s3)	3-Mo FUP	0.16 ± 0.11	0.15 ± 0.14	0.01	− 0.05,0.07	0.08	− 0.04	− 0.11,0.02	− 0.33
asinh(s3/s2)	BL	0.11 ± 0.09	0.07 ± 0.06	0.04	> 0.00,0.08	0.52	− 0.03	− 0.07, < 0.00	− 0.53
asinh(s3/s2)	3-Mo FUP	0.09 ± 0.07	0.08 ± 0.08	0.01	− 0.03,0.04	0.08	− 0.03	− 0.07, < 0.00	− 0.53
Threshold deadspace, mL	BL	85.0 ± 28.0	93.7 ± 31.3	− 8.7	− 24.0; 6.7	− 0.29	11.0	0.01; 21.9	0.52
Threshold deadspace, mL	3-Mo FUP	95.3 ± 27.9	93.09 ± 26.9	2.3	− 11.9; 16.5	0.08	11.0	0.01; 21.9	0.52
Symptoms
ACQ, score	BL	2.03 ± 1.11	1.64 ± 1.13	0.39	− 0.18; 0.97	0.35	− 0.48	− 0.88; − 0.09	− 0.63
ACQ, score	3-Mo FUP	1.47 ± 0.99	1.56 ± 1.11	− 0.09	− 0.63; 0.45	− 0.09	− 0.48	− 0.88; − 0.09	− 0.63
NQ, score	BL	19.3 ± 10.3	15.6 ± 7.4	3.7	− 0.9; 8.3	0.42	− 3.8	− 7.5; − 0.02	− 0.52
NQ, score	3-Mo FUP	11.0 ± 9.2	11.1 ± 8.2	− 0.05	− 4.6; 4.5	− 0.01	− 3.8	− 7.5; − 0.02	− 0.52
Medication
β₂-Agonists (salbutamol equivalents), µg/d	BL	290.5 ± 193.6	310.5 ± 267.8	− 20.0	− 141.1; 101.0	− 0.09	− 68.6	− 144.6; 7.5	− 0.47
β₂-Agonists (salbutamol equivalents), µg/d	3-Mo FUP	226.9 ± 201.1	315.6 ± 288.1	− 88.6	− 217.3; 40.1	− 0.36	− 68.6	− 144.6; 7.5	− 0.47
ICS (BDP equivalents), µg/d	BL	875.8 ± 849.0	740.8 ± 593.0	135.0	− 244.5; 514.4	0.18	− 245.5	− 463.1; − 27.9	− 0.58
ICS (BDP equivalents), µg/d	3-Mo FUP	714.3 ± 857.2	824.9 ± 625.3	− 110.6	− 499.1; 278.1	− 0.15	− 245.5	− 463.1; − 27.9	− 0.58
FeNO	BL	31.7 ± 23.3	35.8 ± 33.1	− 4.1	− 18.9; 10.7	− 0.14	4.77	− 4.9; 14.5	0.26
FeNO	3-Mo FUP	37.0 ± 28.1	36.3 ± 30.4	0.7	− 14.5; 15.8	0.02	4.77	− 4.9; 14.5	0.26

Values refer to baseline (BL) and 3-month follow-up (3-Mo FUP). Moreover, between-group differences as a function of time are shown. Data are mean values and SD. † between-group differences at BL and 3-Mo FUP. ‡ Adjusted between-group differences. ES Cohen’s d, CI confidence interval, Adj. adjusted, CP control pause, MP maximum pause, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, s2 slope of phase 2 in g/mol*L, s3 slope of phase 3 in g/mol*L, s3/s2 ratio of slopes of phases 3 and 2, asinh Areasinus hyperbolicus, ACQ Asthma Control Questionnaire, NQ Nijmegen Questionnaire, ICS inhaled corticosteroids, BDP beclomethasone dipropionate, FeNO fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Bold type indicates significant effects or differences with confidence intervals that do not contain zero

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