Effect of Buteyko breathing technique on clinical and functional parameters in adult patients with asthma: a randomized, controlled study

Table 4 Within-group differences for outcome parameters in Buteyko (BG) and usual treatment group (UT)

	Parameters	BG: 3-Mo FUP vs. BL			UT: 3-Mo FUP vs. BL
	Parameters	Mean difference	95% CI	ES	Mean difference	95% CI	ES
Breathhold	CP, s	8.67	6.15; 11.19	1.49	− 1.03	− 3.73; 1.66	− 0.16
Breathhold	MP, s	14.60	10.75; 18.45	1.66	− 2.47	− 5.97; 1.03	− 0.26
Spirometry	FEV₁, %predicted	3	− 1; 8	0.16	1	− 4; 5	0.04
Capnovolumetry	asinh(s2)	− 0.01	− 0.12,0.10	− 0.03	− 0.07	− 0.22,0.08	− 0.2
	asinh(s3)	− 0.03	− 0.09,0.03	− 0.23	0.01	− 0.03,0.05	0.09
	asinh(s3/s2)	− 0.02	− 0.05,0.00	− 0.3	0.01	− 0.01,0.03	0.15
	Threshold deadspace, mL	10.3	3.3; 17.3	0.37	− 0.7	− 9.4; 8.1	− 0.02
Symptoms	ACQ, score	− 0.56	− 0.88; − 0.24	− 0.54	− 0.08	− 0.33; 0.17	− 0.07
Symptoms	NQ, score	− 8.3	− 11.0; − 5.5	− 0.85	− 4.5	− 7.1; − 1.9	− 0.58
Medication	β₂-Agonists (salbutamol equivalents), µg/d	− 63.5	− 112.0; − 15.1	− 0.32	5.1	− 55.67; 65.7	0.02
Medication	ICS (BDP equivalents), µg/d	− 161.5	− 317.5; − 5.5	− 0.19	84.1	− 74.4; 242.5	0.14
Inflammation	FeNO, ppb	5.2	− 3.1; 13.5	0.2	0.5	− 4.9; 5.8	0.01

The table shows within-group differences for outcome parameters in Buteyko group (BG) and usual treatment group (UT) as a function of time (BL = baseline, 3-Mo FUP = 3-month follow-up). Within-group differences refer to 3-Mo FUP vs. BL. ES Cohen’s d, CI confidence interval, CP control pause, MP maximum pause, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, s2 slope of phase 2 in g/mol*L, s3 slope of phase 3 in g/mol*L, s3/s2 ratio of slopes of phases 3 and 2, asinh Areasinus hyperbolicus, ACQ Asthma Control Questionnaire, NQ Nijmegen Questionnaire, ICS inhaled corticosteroids, BDP beclomethasone dipropionate, FeNO fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Bold type indicates significant effects or differences with confidence intervals that do not contain zero

ISSN: 2047-783X