Table 1 Details of the data presented by the included studies
First author | Year | Country | Study design | Disease category | Vaccine category | Total sample size | Female% | Age | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Median [IQR] | ||||||||
Achiron A | 2021 | Israel | Observational | Neurologic (MS) | mRNA | 555 | 65.6 | Â | Â |
Adája E. Baars | 2022 | Netherlands | Prospective Cohort | Neurologic | mRNA and vector-based | 403 |  |  |  |
Alonso R | 2021 | Argentina | Cross-sectional | Neurologic (MS) | All | 393 | 82.4 | 41.5 (11.8) | Â |
Alroughani R | 2022 | Kuwait | Cross-sectional | Neurologic (MS) | mRNA and vector-based | 647 | Â | Â | Â |
Apaydin H | 2022 | Turkey | Retrospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (Behcet syndrome) | mRNA and inactive | 287 | 45.3 | Â | 42 [34, 50] |
Assawasaksaku T | 2022 | Thailand | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | All | 94 | Â | Â | Â |
Assawasaksakul T | 2022 | Thailand | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA | 71 | 95.8 | 39 (11.9) | Â |
Barbhaiya M | 2021 | USA | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA/vector-based | 1101 | 80.6 | 60.8 (14.2) | Â |
Barbhaiya M | 2021 | USA | Retrospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA and vector-based | 183 | 94 | 52.5 (14.2) | Â |
Bixio R | 2021 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA | 77 | 80.5 | 62.2 (13.2) | Â |
Brunn JA | 2022 | USA | Prospective Cohort | Neurologic (MS) | All | 292 | 81.4 | 50.4 (12.4) | Â |
Cherian S | 2021 | Germany | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA | 513 | 82.65 | 58.46 (10.28) | Â |
Connolly CM | 2022 | USA | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA | 1377 | 92 | Â | 47 [37, 59] |
Conticini E | 2022 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (idiopathic inflammatory myopathies) | mRNA and vector-based | 119 | 73.1 | Â | 58 [47, 66] |
Crickx E | 2021 | UK | Prospective Cohort | Hematologic (ITP) | mRNA and vector-based | 92 | 59.8 | Â | 69 [24, 90] |
Czarnowska A | 2022 | Poland | Cross-sectional | Neurologic (MS) | mRNA and vector-based | 2261 | 70.5 | 42.6 | Â |
Delvino F | 2021 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (Giant cell arteritis) | mRNA | 81 | 67.9 | 75.8 (6.9) | Â |
Dinoto A | 2021 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Neurologic (MS) | mRNA | 66 | Â | Â | Â |
Doron A | 2022 | Israel | Retrospective Cohort | Neurologic (myasthenia gravis) | mRNA | 160 | 44.4 | 57.2 (18) | Â |
Dreyer-Alster S | 2022 | Israel | Prospective Cohort | Neurologic (myasthenia gravis) | mRNA | 211 | 62 | Â | Â |
Elkharsawi A | 2022 | Germany | Cross-sectional | Gastroenterologic | All | 914 | 64.3 | Â | 44 [34, 56] |
Ellul p | 2022 | 36 European countries | Cross-sectional | Gastroenterologic | All | 3272 | 60.4 | Â | 43 [33, 54] |
Etemadifar M | 2022 | Iran | Retrospective Cohort | Neurologic (MS) | Inactive | 517 | 76.79 | 37.81 (8.74) | Â |
Fan Y | 2021 | China | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | Inactive | 1507 | 77.4 | Â | 39 [31, 51] |
Fornaro M | 2022 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA | 452 | 83.3 | 53 (4) | Â |
Fragoulis G | 2022 | Greece | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | All | 561 | 75.6 | 54.4 (14.8) | Â |
Gaur P | 2021 | India | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | Vector-based | 280 | 83.3 | 47 (13) | Â |
Geisen M | 2021 | Germany | Prospective Cohort | AI-IMD | mRNA | 26 | 64.3 | 50.5 (15.8) | Â |
Gerosa M | 2022 | Italy | Retrospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA and vector-based | 452 | 92.25 | Â | 48 [35, 56] |
Giuffrida G | 2022 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Hematologic (ITP) | mRNA | 32 | Â | Â | 47 [19, 73] |
Huang YW | 2021 | Taiwan | Prospective Cohort | Dermatologic (Psoriasis) | mRNA and vector-based | 83 | Â | Â | Â |
Ishizuchi K | 2022 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | Neurologic (myasthenia gravis) | mRNA and vector-based | 343 | 65.3 | 57 | Â |
Isnardi C | 2022 | Argentina | Retrospective Cohort | AI-IMD | All | 1234 | 79 | 57.8 (14.1) | Â |
Izmirly P | 2022 | USA | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA and vector-based | 90 | 87.8 | 45.5 (14.2) | Â |
Kavosh A | 2022 | Iran | Cross-sectional | Neurologic (MS) | Inactive | 1538 | 74.8 | 40.45 (9.74) | Â |
Kianfar N | 2022 | Iran | Cross-sectional | Dermatologic | Vector-based and inactive | 446 | 54.7 | 50.2 (12.5) | Â |
Larsen E | 2022 | Denmark | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA and vector-based | 123 | 89.4 | Â | 51 [42, 63] |
Lev-Tzion R | 2022 | Israel | Cross-sectional | Gastroenterologic | mRNA | 4946 | 51 | 51 (16) | Â |
Li H | 2022 | UK | case-crossover | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (Gout) | mRNA/vector-based | 5904 | 14.5 | 63.1 (14.7) | Â |
Li X | 2021 | China | Cross-sectional | Gastroenterologic | mRNA | 941 | Â | Â | Â |
Li X | 2021 | China | Retrospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RA) | mRNA/inactive | 5493 | Â | Â | Â |
Machado PM | 2022 | UK (data from 30 countries) | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA and vector-based | 5121 | 70 | 61.6 (15.2) | Â |
Mohanasundaram K | 2022 | India | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | Vector-based/inactive | 2092 | 78.7 | 47.5 (13.17) | Â |
Mok CC | 2022 | Hong Kong | Retrospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA and inactive | 914 | 92.5 | 48.6 (14.0) | Â |
Mormile I | 2022 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA | 41 | 87 | 26 (11) | Â |
Musetti C | 2022 | Italy | Retrospective Cohort | Nephrologic | mRNA and vector-based | 38 | 26.3 | 45.9 (19.1) | Â |
Musumeci M | 2021 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Dermatologic (Psoriasis) | mRNA | 50 | 44 |  | Range: 33–83 years) |
Nakafero G | 2022 | UK | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA and vector-based | 3554 | 71.8 | 65 (15) | Â |
Nakagawa n | 2022 | Japan | Cross-sectional | Nephrologic | mRNA | 55 | 44.4 | Â | Â |
Ozdede | 2022 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA/inactive | 256 | 37.9 | 43.21 (10.13) | Â |
Özgen Z | 2022 | Turkey | Cross-sectional | Dermatologic (pemphigus vulgaris) | Inactive/mRNA/vector-based | 244 | 52.9 |  |  |
Pan CX | 2022 | USA | Retrospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (dermatomyositis) | All | 304 | 83.2 | Â | Â |
Pinte L | 2021 | Romania | Prospective Cohort | AI-IMD | mRNA/vector-based | 416 | 81.5 | Â | 50 [21, 88] |
Rider L | 2022 | USA | Retrospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases/Gastroenterologic/Dermatologic | All | 5619 | 85.7 | Â | 55.5 [44.4,65.4] |
Sahraian MA | 2021 | Iran | Cross-sectional | Neurologic (MS) | Inactive | 583 | 78 | 36.2 (8.2) | Â |
Sattui S | 2021 | USA | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | All | 2860 | 86.7 | 55.3 | Â |
Shapiro Ben David S | 2021 | Israel | Retrospective Cohort | Neurologic (Guilain barre) | mRNA | 702 | 48 | 53 (18) | Â |
Shechtman L | 2022 | Israel | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA | 273 | 54.5 | 41 (15.5) | Â |
Spinelli FR | 2022 | Italy | observational | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA | 126 | 83.3 | Â | 51 [34, 68] |
Sprow G | 2022 | USA | Retrospective Cohort | Dermatologic | mRNA/vector-based | 402 | 81.6 | Â | 58 [95%CI 56, 95%CI 60] |
Stastna D | 2022 | Czech Republic | Retrospective Cohort | Neurologic (MS) | mRNA and vector-based | 1661 | 72.37 | 48.49 (11.43) | Â |
Tang Q | 2022 | China | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | Inactive | 378 | Â | Â | Â |
Trunk AD | 2021 | USA | Retrospective Cohort | Hematologic (Chronic graft-versus-host disease (CGVHD)) | mRNA | 34 | Â | Â | Â |
Tzioufas AG | 2021 | Greece | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | mRNA | 605 | 71.4 |  | 58 [range: 16–91] [,] |
Urra Pincheira A | 2022 | Canada | Retrospective Cohort | Neurologic (myasthenia gravis) | mRNA and vector-based | 200 | 48.5 | 64.3 (13.9) | Â |
Vacchi C | 2022 | Italy | Cross-sectional | Hematologic (Mixed cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (MCV)) | All | 416 | 68 | 70.42 (11.75) | Â |
van Dijk W | 2021 | Netherlands | Retrospective Cohort | Hematologic (ITP) | Â | 85 | 53 | 48 (17) | Â |
Visentini M | 2022 | Italy | Prospective Cohort | Hematologic | mRNA and vector-based | 71 | Â | Â | Â |
Visser C | 2021 | Netherlands | observational | Hematologic (ITP) | mRNA and vector-based | 418 | Â | Â | Â |
Weaver KN | 2021 | USA | Prospective Cohort | Gastroenterologic | mRNA and vector-based | 3316 | 71.7 | 43.7 (15.1) | Â |
Woolley P | 2022 | UK | Prospective Cohort | Hematologic (ITP) | mRNA and vector-based | 294 | Â | Â | Â |
Yoshida Y | 2022 | Japan | Prospective Cohort | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA | 74 | 96 | 50 (14) | Â |
Zavala-Flores E | 2021 | Peru | observational | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (SLE) | mRNA | 100 | 94 | 38.9 | Â |
Zeng HQ | 2022 | China | Cross-sectional | Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases | Inactive | 80 | 70 | 40.85 (9.50) | Â |