Fig.Ā 2
From: Lung function and the risk of frailty in the European population: a mendelian randomization study
The forest plot shows the causal estimates between FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FVC, PEF, and frailty. Three statistical methods, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median, were used in calculating estimates. MR, Mendelian randomization; nSNP, number of single nucleotide polymorphism; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; PEF, peak expiratory flow