Fig.Ā 3
From: Lung function and the risk of frailty in the European population: a mendelian randomization study
The scatter plot represents the causal effect of lung function on frailty in this MR study. Inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger approaches were employed to evaluate the causal association between lung function between frailty. A The causal linkage between FEV1 and frailty; B The causal linkage between FEV1/FVC and frailty; C The causal linkage between FVC and frailty; D The causal linkage between PEF and frailty. MR, Mendelian randomization; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; FVC, forced vital capacity; PEF, peak expiratory flow