Table 2 Common structural causes of pediatric epilepsy

White matter dysplasia

9

Encephalatrophy

4

White matter myelination insufficiency

15

Agenesis of corpus callosum

9

Cortical dysplasia

11

Leukomalacia

9

Demyelinating disease

6

Hydrocephalus

3

Delayed myelination (white matter)

6

Sequelae of viral encephalitis

1

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

1

Subdural effusion

1

Subdural hemorrhage

1

Widening and dilatation of the ventricle and lateral ventricle

11

Basilar invagination

1

Tuberous sclerosis

3

Hippocampal sclerosis (focal cortical dysplasia FCD Ib)

1

Cerebral dysplasia

4

Hippocampal dysplasia

5

Macrogyria

2

Polygyri

1

Gray matter shift

1