Table 1 The baseline characteristics of participants
TC/HDL-C ratio | Q1 (≤ 3.07) | Q2 (3.07 to ≤ 3.80) | Q3 (3.80 to ≤ 4.75) | Q4 (> 4.75) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants | 2546 | 2546 | 2546 | 2546 | Â |
Gender | < 0.001 | ||||
 Male | 1308 (51.37%) | 1138 (44.70%) | 1151 (45.21%) | 1157 (45.44%) |  |
 Female | 1238 (48.63%) | 1408 (55.30%) | 1395 (54.79%) | 1389 (54.56%) |  |
Age (years) | 59.66 ± 9.72 | 59.30 ± 9.67 | 58.72 ± 8.90 | 58.97 ± 9.05 | 0.002 |
Educational attainment | 0.012 | ||||
 Primary school and below | 1845 (72.47%) | 1754 (68.89%) | 1727 (67.83%) | 1737 (68.22%) |  |
 Middle school | 456 (17.91%) | 520 (20.42%) | 539 (21.17%) | 533 (20.93%) |  |
 High school and above | 245 (9.62%) | 272 (10.68%) | 280 (11.00%) | 276 (10.84%) |  |
Annual income | 0.482 | ||||
 < 10,000 RMB | 1582 (62.14%) | 1542 (60.57%) | 1527 (59.98%) | 1510 (59.31%) |  |
 10,000–30000 RMB | 577 (22.66%) | 598 (23.49%) | 615 (24.16%) | 636 (24.98%) |  |
 > 30,000 RMB | 387 (15.20%) | 406 (15.95%) | 404 (15.87%) | 400 (15.71%) |  |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.98 ± 3.41 | 23.00 ± 3.89 | 24.09 ± 3.85 | 25.15 ± 3.92 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 128.05 ± 21.24 | 129.40 ± 21.72 | 131.12 ± 21.45 | 134.45 ± 21.68 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 73.79 ± 12.09 | 74.85 ± 12.02 | 76.57 ± 12.01 | 78.22 ± 11.95 | < 0.001 |
Drinking status | < 0.001 | ||||
 Never drinkers | 328 (12.88%) | 353 (13.86%) | 335 (13.16%) | 369 (14.49%) |  |
 Ever drinkers | 1393 (54.71%) | 1558 (61.19%) | 1640 (64.41%) | 1635 (64.22%) |  |
 Current drinkers | 825 (32.40%) | 635 (24.94%) | 571 (22.43%) | 542 (21.29%) |  |
Smoking status | < 0.001 | ||||
 Never smokers | 1474 (57.89%) | 1605 (63.04%) | 1599 (62.80%) | 1592 (62.53%) |  |
 Ever smokers | 199 (7.82%) | 201 (7.89%) | 198 (7.78%) | 263 (10.33%) |  |
 Current smokers | 873 (34.29%) | 740 (29.07%) | 749 (29.42%) | 691 (27.14%) |  |
Physical activity | < 0.001 | ||||
 No | 1750 (68.74%) | 1684 (66.14%) | 1619 (63.59%) | 1466 (57.58%) |  |
 Yes | 796 (31.26%) | 862 (33.86%) | 927 (36.41%) | 1080 (42.42%) |  |
Liver disease | 0.546 | ||||
 No | 2438 (95.76%) | 2432 (95.52%) | 2446 (96.07%) | 2451 (96.27%) |  |
 Yes | 108 (4.24%) | 114 (4.48%) | 100 (3.93%) | 95 (3.73%) |  |
CHD | < 0.001 | ||||
 No | 2274 (89.32%) | 2249 (88.33%) | 2251 (88.41%) | 2181 (85.66%) |  |
 Yes | 272 (10.68%) | 297 (11.67%) | 295 (11.59%) | 365 (14.34%) |  |
CLD | < 0.001 | ||||
 No | 2229 (87.55%) | 2284 (89.71%) | 2293 (90.06%) | 2319 (91.08%) |  |
 Yes | 317 (12.45%) | 262 (10.29%) | 253 (9.94%) | 227 (8.92%) |  |
Hyperlipidaemia | < 0.001 | ||||
 No | 2426 (95.29%) | 2386 (93.72%) | 2313 (90.85%) | 2155 (84.64%) |  |
 Yes | 120 (4.71%) | 160 (6.28%) | 233 (9.15%) | 391 (15.36%) |  |
Lipid-lowering medication | 0.115 | ||||
 No | 2442 (95.92%) | 2423 (95.17%) | 2426 (95.29%) | 2405 (94.46%) |  |
 Yes | 104 (4.08%) | 123 (4.83%) | 120 (4.71%) | 141 (5.54%) |  |
Antihypertensive medication | 0.074 | ||||
 No | 2083 (81.81%) | 2052 (80.60%) | 2093 (82.21%) | 2027 (79.62%) |  |
 Yes | 463 (18.19%) | 494 (19.40%) | 453 (17.79%) | 519 (20.38%) |  |
Glucose-lowering medication | 0.228 | ||||
 No | 2464 (96.78%) | 2448 (96.15%) | 2452 (96.31%) | 2436 (95.68%) |  |
 Yes | 82 (3.22%) | 98 (3.85%) | 94 (3.69%) | 110 (4.32%) |  |
TG (mg/dl) | 78.24 ± 33.98 | 100.88 ± 44.23 | 129.35 ± 56.90 | 207.72 ± 115.51 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 94.50 ± 23.76 | 113.84 ± 26.07 | 125.26 ± 29.50 | 132.29 ± 42.34 | < 0.001 |
TC (mg/dl) | 174.00 ± 32.22 | 186.12 ± 32.58 | 196.55 ± 33.39 | 214.20 ± 40.12 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 67.22 ± 14.76 | 54.42 ± 9.86 | 46.56 ± 8.27 | 37.36 ± 7.69 | < 0.001 |
WBC (× 109) | |||||
 CRP (mg/l) | 0.75 (0.44–1.68) | 0.88 (0.49–1.87) | 1.07 (0.60–2.18) | 1.38 (0.77–2.73) | < 0.001 |
 Scr (mg/dl) | 0.77 ± 0.34 | 0.77 ± 0.19 | 0.78 ± 0.18 | 0.81 ± 0.20 | < 0.001 |
 Cystatin C (mg/L) | 1.03 ± 0.31 | 1.02 ± 0.27 | 1.00 ± 0.23 | 0.96 ± 0.28 | < 0.001 |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 14.08 ± 2.22 | 14.25 ± 2.16 | 14.60 ± 2.30 | 14.78 ± 2.20 | < 0.001 |
 FPG (mg/dl) | 103.00 ± 26.06 | 105.44 ± 26.28 | 109.54 ± 36.05 | 120.21 ± 45.33 | < 0.001 |
 HbA1c (%) | 5.10 ± 0.60 | 5.17 ± 0.64 | 5.26 ± 0.77 | 5.44 ± 1.06 | < 0.001 |