Table 1 Human studies revealing the potential role of GABA and effects of GABA modulators on the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD
From: Role of GABA pathway in motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease: a bidirectional circuit
A study type | Findings | Refernces |
|---|---|---|
Postmortem study | Disturbance of GABAergic neurons in the basal ganglia in PD patients | [47] |
A case series | GABAB receptor agonist baclofen attenuates motor deficits in MPTP-induced PD in rats | [58] |
A case–control | Bumetanide increases GABAergic neurotransmission in PD patients | |
A case–control | Zolpidem reduces dyskinesia in PD patients | [62] |
A case–control | Thalamocortical GABAergic neuron activity is increased in PD patients | [63] |
A case–control | GABA concentration was more significant concerning the GABAA receptor antagonist flumazenil, which improves postural instability in PD patients | [85] |
A cohort study | [113] | |
A case–control | Aβ accumulation and cognitive impairment in mice by increasing the expression of GABAA receptors | [114] |
A case–control | GAD67 expression was decreased in the prefrontal cortex of PD patients compared to controls | [115] |
A clinical trial | Valproate improves cognitive function and attenuates degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc | |
A clinical trial | Clonazepam restores normal sleep in PD patients | |
A clinical trial | Zolpidem is effective for insomnia in PD patients | |
A clinical trial | Eszopiclone improves sleep quality in PD patients | [99] |
A clinical trial | Levetiracetam improves neuropsychiatric disorders and motor deficit in PD patients |