Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratios of prenatal antibiotics for childhood atopic diseases by Cox regression models*
Variables | Asthma | Allergic rhinitis | Atopic dermatitis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
aHR | 95%CI | aHR | 95%CI | aHR | 95%CI | ||||
Antibiotics | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 1.08 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.13 |
Maternal age | |||||||||
< 25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||
25–29 | 1.13 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 1.27 | 1.26 | 1.28 | 1.17 | 1.15 | 1.18 |
30–34 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 1.31 | 1.33 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 1.23 |
≥ 35 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 1.21 | 1.20 | 1.23 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.12 |
Mode of delivery | |||||||||
Cesarean section | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.05 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.06 |
Maternal comorbidity | |||||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 1.03 | 0.98 | 1.08 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.07 |
Hypertension | 1.02 | 0.98 | 1.07 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 1.04 |
Hyperlipidemia | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.13 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.13 | 1.21 |
Maternal allergic disease | |||||||||
Asthma | 1.58 | 1.55 | 1.61 | 1.18 | 1.16 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.20 |
Allergic rhinitis | 1.31 | 1.30 | 1.32 | 1.53 | 1.52 | 1.54 | 1.29 | 1.28 | 1.31 |
Atopic dermatitis | 1.06 | 1.03 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.10 | 1.14 | 1.55 | 1.52 | 1.59 |
Pregnancy-related complication | |||||||||
Anemia | 1.02 | 0.97 | 1.07 | 0.98 | 0.94 | 1.01 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 1.01 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 0.99 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.12 | 1.15 | 1.12 | 1.18 |
Gestational hypertension | 1.06 | 0.95 | 1.18 | 0.97 | 0.90 | 1.06 | 1.02 | 0.91 | 1.14 |
Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia | 0.91 | 0.84 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 1.06 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 1.09 |
Placenta previa and abruptio placentae | 1.10 | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.08 | 1.06 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.05 | 1.11 |
Male gender | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 1.29 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.05 |