Table 3 Univariate analysis of factors associated with childhood atopic diseases
Variables | Asthma | Allergic rhinitis | Atopic dermatitis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | HR | 95%CI | No | Yes | HR | 95%CI | No | Yes | HR | 95%CI | ||||
Antibiotics | |||||||||||||||
No | 387,072 | 153,621 | 1.00 | 255,452 | 285,241 | 1.00 | 397,702 | 142,991 | 1.00 | ||||||
Yes | 250,257 | 109,634 | 1.09 | 1.08 | 1.10 | 156,819 | 203,072 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.11 | 253,788 | 106,103 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.15 |
Maternal age | |||||||||||||||
< 25 | 118,746 | 44,538 | 1.00 | 85,882 | 77,402 | 1.00 | 123,648 | 39,636 | 1.00 | ||||||
25–29 | 235,722 | 102,876 | 1.14 | 1.13 | 1.16 | 150,012 | 188,586 | 1.29 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 243,561 | 95,037 | 1.18 | 1.17 | 1.20 |
30–34 | 202,919 | 86,010 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.14 | 125,613 | 163,316 | 1.35 | 1.33 | 1.36 | 204,380 | 84,549 | 1.24 | 1.23 | 1.26 |
≥ 35 | 79,942 | 29,831 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 50,764 | 59,009 | 1.25 | 1.23 | 1.26 | 79,901 | 29,872 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.15 |
Mode of delivery | |||||||||||||||
Vaginal delivery | 427,765 | 172,911 | 1.00 | 278,617 | 322,059 | 1.00 | 437,872 | 162,804 | 1.00 | ||||||
Cesarean section | 209,564 | 90,344 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 133,654 | 166,254 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.07 | 213,618 | 86,290 | 1.07 | 1.07 | 1.08 |
Maternal comorbidity | |||||||||||||||
Diabetes mellitus | 3934 | 1820 | 1.11 | 1.06 | 1.16 | 2401 | 3353 | 1.14 | 1.10 | 1.18 | 3978 | 1776 | 1.14 | 1.09 | 1.20 |
Hypertension | 3976 | 1785 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.14 | 2606 | 3155 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 4055 | 1706 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.15 |
Hyperlipidemia | 7842 | 3891 | 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.22 | 4408 | 7325 | 1.28 | 1.26 | 1.31 | 7770 | 3963 | 1.28 | 1.25 | 1.33 |
Maternal allergic disease | |||||||||||||||
Asthma | 14,592 | 11,887 | 1.80 | 1.77 | 1.83 | 9016 | 17,463 | 1.45 | 1.43 | 1.47 | 17,064 | 9415 | 1.37 | 1.35 | 1.40 |
Allergic rhinitis | 112,758 | 62,428 | 1.38 | 1.37 | 1.39 | 58,829 | 116,357 | 1.58 | 1.57 | 1.59 | 116,308 | 58,878 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 1.37 |
Atopic dermatitis | 13,737 | 6451 | 1.14 | 1.11 | 1.16 | 8099 | 12,089 | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.24 | 11,928 | 8260 | 1.65 | 1.62 | 1.69 |
Pregnancy-related complication | |||||||||||||||
Anemia | 3556 | 1507 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.09 | 2375 | 2688 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 1.02 | 3691 | 1372 | 0.98 | 0.93 | 1.03 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 13,180 | 5417 | 1.01 | 0.98 | 1.03 | 7752 | 10,845 | 1.15 | 1.13 | 1.17 | 12,744 | 5853 | 1.18 | 1.15 | 1.21 |
Gestational hypertension | 731 | 327 | 1.09 | 0.98 | 1.22 | 487 | 571 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 1.11 | 750 | 308 | 1.08 | 0.96 | 1.20 |
Pre-eclampsia or eclampsia | 1283 | 502 | 0.96 | 0.88 | 1.05 | 799 | 986 | 1.04 | 0.97 | 1.10 | 1269 | 516 | 1.06 | 0.98 | 1.16 |
Placenta previa and abruptio placentae | 13,930 | 6615 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.16 | 8647 | 11,898 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 1.15 | 14,293 | 6252 | 1.12 | 1.09 | 1.15 |
Neonatal gender | |||||||||||||||
Female | 321,925 | 111,950 | 1.00 | 218,970 | 214,905 | 1.00 | 315,634 | 118,241 | 1.00 | ||||||
Male | 315,404 | 151,305 | 1.33 | 1.32 | 1.34 | 193,301 | 273,408 | 1.29 | 1.28 | 1.30 | 335,856 | 130,853 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.05 |