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Table 1 Baseline demographic, symptomatology and biochemistry characteristics of the COVID-19 study cohort classified by pneumonia

From: Immunoglobulins in COVID-19 pneumonia: from the acute phase to the recovery phase

 

No Pneumoniaa

(WHO 1)

(n = 42)

Pneumoniab

(WHO 2–7)

(n = 278)

P-valuec

Male

23 (54.8)

210 (64.8)

0.135

Age, years

53 (45–66)

63 (52–73)

0.007

Oxygen Saturation on Admission (%)

98 (96.7–99)

93 (91–95)

< 0.001

COVID-19 Symptoms

 

 Fever

17 (40.5)

242 (74.7)

< 0.001

 Cough

14 (33.3)

198 (61.1)

0.001

 Dyspnea

13 (31)

193 (59.5)

< 0.001

 Anosmia

2 (4.8)

40 (12.3)

0.112

 Asthenia

6 (14.3)

85 (26.2)

0.064

 Chest Pain

8 (19)

37 (11.4)

0.121

 Headache

7 (16.7)

49 (15.1)

0.465

 Diarrhea

11 (26.2)

91 (28)

0.486

Haematological parameters

   

 Leukocytes (×10E9/L)

6.2 (4.8–8.1)

6.4 (4.7–8.6)

0.913

 Red blood cell count (×10E9/L)

4.3 (4.8–8.1)

4.5 (4.7–8.6)

0.340

 Hemoglobin (g/dL)

12.8 (10.4–14.7)

13 (11.8–14)

0.879

 Hematocrit (%)

38.3 (31.8–44.8)

39.8 (36.6–42.7)

0.367

 Platelet count (×10E9/L)

206 (172.5–235)

219 (168–286)

0.074

 Neutrophils (%)

68.8 (58.7–79.7)

76.3 (65.2–83.7)

0.014

 Lymphocytes (%)

21.5 (12–28.8)

16.9 (10.4–24.6)

0.064

 Total lymphocytes (%)

1215 (755–1592.5)

965 (690–1420)

0.158

 Monocytes (%)

8 (5.8–10.4)

6.5 (4.6–8.6)

 < 0.001

Coagulation parameters

   

 Activated thromboplastin time (seg)

29.5 (26.5–32.1)

30.7 (28.8–33)

0.037

 Prothrombin time (seg)

12.9 (11.7–13.4)

12.7 (12.1–13.5)

0.762

 d-Dimer (mg/L)

501.5 (316.2–1191.5)

665.5 (424–1014.5)

0.303

 Fibrinogen (g/L)

561 (435–761)

769 (658.5–864)

 < 0.001

Inflammatory markers

   

 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm)

89 (14–117.5)

55.5 (32–83.7)

0.451

 Interleukin 6 (pg/mL)d

10.2 (4.2–20.4)

12.4 (3.5–28.5)

0.510

 Ferritin (ng/mL)

232 (99–446)

462 (276–885)

0.002

 C Reactive Protein (mg/L)

3.1 (0.5–8.8)

7.4 (3.8–13.8)

 < 0.001

Biochemical markers

   

 Glucose (mg/dL)

105.5 (83–115.2)

108 (90–142.5)

0.098

 Cholesterol (mg/dL)

138.5 (108.2–179.2)

144 (122–166)

0.965

 Urea (mg/dL)

32 (27–44)

38 (30–51)

0.079

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.8 (0.7–1)

0.8 (0.7–1)

0.704

 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (U/L)

29 (23–41)

34(25–46)

0.129

 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (U/L)

29 (17–44)

33 (22–59)

0.121

 Albumin (g/dL)

3.7 (3.3–4.2)

4 (3.6–4.2)

0.090

 Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (U/L)

236 (187–296)

285 (238–348)

 < 0.001

 Troponin (ng/L)e

3 (0–5)

6 (2–14)

0.010

  1. Data are presented as n (%) or median (25th-75th interquartile range)
  2. aThe No Pneumonia group refers to the ambulatory group comprises no without presenting pneumonia—WHO 1
  3. bThe Pneumonia group comprises mild illness with pneumonia—WHO 2–7
  4. cNo Pneumonia and Pneumonia groups were compared using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test for continuous data and √χ2 test for categorical data. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant and marked in bold
  5. dIL-6 data were from 244 patients, WHO 1 n = 18 and WHO 2–7 n = 226
  6. eTroponin data were from 133 patients, WHO 1 n = 25 and WHO 2–7 n = 108
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European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

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