Unveilling genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from a Malaysian Teaching Hospital

Table 1 Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of S. aureus isolates investigated in this study

Antibiotics	No. (%) MSSA (n = 68)			No. (%) MRSA (n = 54)			Overall resistance No. (%)	p value
Antibiotics	Susceptible	Intermediate	Resistant	Susceptible	Intermediate	Resistant	Overall resistance No. (%)	p value
Clindamycin	56 (82.4)	0 (0)	11 (16.2)^a	27 (50)	0 (0)	4 (7.4)^b	15(12.4%)	0.000^d
Erythromycin	56 (82.4)	0 (0)	12 (17.6)	25 (46.3)	0 (0)	29 (53.7)	41(33.6)	0.000^d
Gentamicin	57 (83.8)	1 (1.5)	10 (14.7)	45 (83.3)	3 (50)	6 (11.1)	16 (13.1)	0.401
Linezolid	68 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	54 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Oxacillin	68 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	54 (100)	54 (44.3)	0.000^d
Penicillin	22 (32.4)	0 (0)	46 (67.6)	0 (0)	0 (0)	54 (100)	100 (82.0)	0.000^d
Rifampicin	68 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	53 (98.1)	0 (0)	1 (1.9)	1 (0.8)	0.260
Cotrimoxazole	56 (82.4)	0 (0)	12 (17.6)	49 (90.7)	0 (0)	5 (9.3)	17 (13.9)	0.184
Tetracycline	57 (83.8)	0 (0)	11 (16.2)	46 (85.2)	0 (0)	8 (14.8)	19 (15.6)	0.837
Vancomycin	68(100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	54 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	–
Ciprofloxacin	66 (97.1)	0 (0)	2 (2.9)	9 (16.7)	0 (0)	45 (83.3)	47 (38.5)	0.000^d
Levofloxacin	67 (98.5)	0 (0)	1 (1.5)	9 (16.7)	0 (0)	45 (83.3)	46 (37.7)	0.000^d
Moxifloxacin^c	57 (98.3)	1 (1.7)	0 (0)	9 (16.7)	4 (7.4)	41(75.9)	41 (36.6)	0.000^d
Cefoxitin	68 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	54 (100)	54 (44.3)	0.000^d

^a1 (1.5%) were inducible resistant; ^b23 (42.6%) were inducible resistant; ^cmissing information for 10 MSSA isolates, ^d p < 0.05 indicates significant difference between MSSA and MRSA, –: not applicable

ISSN: 2047-783X