Factors | Overall | Training cohort | Validation cohort | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 24,402 | 17,081 | 7321 | |
Time | 58 [16, 83] | 58 [16, 83] | 58 [17, 83] | 0.803 |
Age | ||||
0–19 years | 308 (1.3%) | 211 (1.2%) | 97 (1.3%) | 0.781 |
20–39 years | 1972 (8.1%) | 1389 (8.1%) | 583 (8.0%) | |
40–59 years | 6450 (26%) | 4490 (26%) | 1960 (27%) | |
60–79 years | 11,702 (48%) | 8227 (48%) | 3475 (47%) | |
80–100 years | 3970 (16%) | 2764 (16%) | 1206 (16%) | |
Ann Arbor stage | ||||
Stage I | 5418 (22%) | 3772 (22%) | 1646 (22%) | 0.908 |
Stage II | 5372 (22%) | 3769 (22%) | 1603 (22%) | |
Stage III | 5016 (21%) | 3522 (21%) | 1494 (20%) | |
Stage IV | 8596 (35%) | 6018 (35%) | 2578 (35%) | |
B symptoms | 7959 (33%) | 5547 (32%) | 2412 (33%) | 0.5 |
Chemotherapy | ||||
With | 22,728 (93%) | 15,909 (93%) | 6819 (93%) | 1 |
Without | 1674 (6.9%) | 1172 (6.9%) | 502 (6.9%) | |
First primary tumor | 19,747 (81%) | 13,807 (81%) | 5940 (81%) | 0.6 |
Marital status | ||||
Divorced | 2023 (8.3%) | 1384 (8.1%) | 639 (8.7%) | 0.381 |
Married | 13,727 (56%) | 9577 (56%) | 4150 (57%) | |
Other | 1151 (4.7%) | 810 (4.7%) | 341 (4.7%) | |
Separated | 226 (0.9%) | 163 (1.0%) | 63 (0.9%) | |
Single | 4324 (18%) | 3061 (18%) | 1263 (17%) | |
Widowed | 2951 (12%) | 2086 (12%) | 865 (12%) | |
Median household income | ||||
< $50,000 | 3401 (14%) | 2364 (14%) | 1037 (14%) | 0.767 |
> $75,000 | 7138 (29%) | 5011 (29%) | 2127 (29%) | |
$50,000–$74,999 | 13,863 (57%) | 9706 (57%) | 4157 (57%) | |
Number of malignancies | ||||
> 1 | 6792 (28%) | 4775 (28%) | 2017 (28%) | 0.529 |
1 | 17,610 (72%) | 12,306 (72%) | 5304 (72%) | |
Place of residence | ||||
Metropolitan | 21,659 (89%) | 15,168 (89%) | 6491 (89%) | 0.772 |
Nonmetropolitan | 2743 (11%) | 1913 (11%) | 830 (11%) | |
Primary site | ||||
Digestive system | 978 (4.0%) | 684 (4.0%) | 294 (4.0%) | 0.166 |
Intra-abdominal lymph nodes | 1557 (6.4%) | 1113 (6.5%) | 444 (6.1%) | |
Intrathoracic lymph nodes | 655 (2.7%) | 460 (2.7%) | 195 (2.7%) | |
Lymph nodes of axilla or arm | 455 (1.9%) | 321 (1.9%) | 134 (1.8%) | |
Lymph nodes of head, face and neck | 1634 (6.7%) | 1120 (6.6%) | 514 (7.0%) | |
Lymph nodes of inguinal region or leg | 574 (2.4%) | 380 (2.2%) | 194 (2.6%) | |
Lymph nodes of multiple regions | 8045 (33%) | 5688 (33%) | 2357 (32%) | |
Nervous system | 6 (< 0.1%) | 4 (< 0.1%) | 2 (< 0.1%) | |
Other | 10,318 (42%) | 7175 (42%) | 3143 (43%) | |
Pelvic lymph nodes | 180 (0.7%) | 136 (0.8%) | 44 (0.6%) | |
Race | ||||
Asian | 2087 (8.6%) | 1464 (8.6%) | 623 (8.5%) | 0.139 |
Black | 1744 (7.1%) | 1260 (7.4%) | 484 (6.6%) | |
Other | 224 (0.9%) | 150 (0.9%) | 74 (1.0%) | |
White | 20,347 (83%) | 14,207 (83%) | 6140 (84%) | |
Radiation | ||||
With | 5204 (21%) | 3665 (21%) | 1539 (21%) | 0.458 |
Without | 19,198 (79%) | 13,416 (79%) | 5782 (79%) | |
Sex | ||||
Female | 10,480 (43%) | 7305 (43%) | 3175 (43%) | 0.392 |
Male | 13,922 (57%) | 9776 (57%) | 4146 (57%) | |
Site | ||||
Extra nodal | 7050 (29%) | 4910 (29%) | 2140 (29%) | 0.452 |
Nodal | 17,352 (71%) | 12,171 (71%) | 5181 (71%) | |
Surgery | ||||
With | 5252 (22%) | 3657 (21%) | 1595 (22%) | 0.523 |
Without | 19,150 (78%) | 13,424 (79%) | 5726 (78%) | |
The sequence of systemic therapy and surgery | ||||
No systemic therapy and/or surgery | 19,384 (79%) | 13,582 (80%) | 5802 (79%) | 0.878 |
Other | 27 (0.1%) | 18 (0.1%) | 9 (0.1%) | |
Systemic therapy after surgery | 4812 (20%) | 3354 (20%) | 1458 (20%) | |
Systemic therapy before surgery | 122 (0.5%) | 89 (0.5%) | 33 (0.5%) | |
Systemic therapy both before and after surgery | 57 (0.2%) | 38 (0.2%) | 19 (0.3%) | |
Treatment timing | ||||
\(\le\) 1 month | 11,114 (46%) | 7803 (46%) | 3311 (45%) | 0.521 |
> 1 month | 13,288 (54%) | 9278 (54%) | 4010 (55%) | |
Status | ||||
0 | 13,867 (57%) | 9707 (57%) | 4160 (57%) | 1 |
1 | 6459 (26%) | 4521 (26%) | 1938 (26%) | |
2 | 4076 (17%) | 2853 (17%) | 1223 (17%) |