Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 categorized according to vaccination status
|  | All cases (n = 215) | Vaccination (n = 143) | Non vaccination (n = 72) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||
 Age, year | 80 (67–89) | 80 (68–87) | 80 (64–90) | 0.738 |
  Male | 145 (67.4) | 103 (72.0) | 42 (58.3) | 0.043 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.9 (18.8–24.9) | 21.9 (19.1–24.9) | 21.6 (18.7–24.9) | 0.362 |
Underlying disease | ||||
 Cerebrovascular disease | 37 (17.2) | 29 (20.3) | 8 (11.1) | 0.093 |
 Dementia | 31 (14.4) | 19 (13.3) | 12 (16.7) | 0.506 |
 Heart failure | 22 (10.2) | 14 (9.8) | 8 (11.1) | 0.763 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 86 (40) | 56 (39.2) | 30 (41.7) | 0.723 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 50 (23.3) | 36 (25.2) | 14 (19.4) | 0.348 |
 Hepatobiliary disease | 22 (10.2) | 14 (9.8) | 8 (11.1) | 0.763 |
 Uncured malignancy | 65 (30.2) | 45 (31.5) | 20 (27.8) | 0.578 |
 Immunocompromised | 83 (38.6) | 57 (39.9) | 26 (36.1) | 0.594 |
Laboratory data | ||||
 White blood cells, 109/L | 11150 (7015–15740) | 10910 (7255–15945) | 11270 (5637–15688) | 0.624 |
 Lymphocytes, 108/L | 702 (440–1214) | 749 (456–1275) | 679 (408–1124) | 0.498 |
 Albumin, g/dL | 3.1 (2.7–3.4) | 3.1 (2.6–3.5) | 3.0 (2.7–3.4) | 0.467 |
 C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 6.1 (1.9–13.8) | 6.0 (2.1–14.0) | 6.6 (1.8–13.7) | 0.921 |
 Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 0.72 (0.24–3.24) | 0.7 (2.2–3.1) | 0.7 (2.3–3.9) | 0.532 |
 LDH, U/L | 363 (240–500) | 346 (237–499) | 368 (256–525) | 0.459 |
 Lactate, mg/dL | 23.3 (14.8–39.1) | 23.3 (14.2–39.3) | 24.0 (15.7–33.7) | 0.955 |
 D-dimer, ug/mL | 2.45 (1.19–5.68) | 2.35 (1.19–5.66) | 2.59 (1.19–6.38) | 0.725 |
 Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 381 (314–514) | 378 (303–514) | 404 (322–507) | 0.607 |
Initial severity | ||||
 ARDS | 147 (68.4) | 98 (68.5) | 49 (68.1) | 0.944 |
 SOFA | 8 (6–11) | 8 (5–11) | 8 (6–11) | 0.901 |
 APACHEII | 24 (18–29) | 24(17–29) | 23 (19–29) | 0.938 |
 PaO2/FiO2 | 140 (88–239) | 139 (89–248) | 144 (83–233) | 0.453 |
Ventilation | ||||
 Invasive mechanical ventilation | 131 (60.9) | 87 (60.8) | 44 (61.1) | 0.969 |
 NIPPV | 18 (8.4) | 11 (7.7) | 7 (9.7) | 0.612 |
 HFNC | 87 (40.5) | 59 (41.3) | 28(38.9) | 0.738 |
 ECMO | 8 (3.7) | 6 (4.2) | 2 (2.8) | 0.604 |
Treatment | ||||
 Tocilizumab | 76 (35.3) | 51 (35.7) | 25 (34.7) | 0.892 |
 Remdesivir | 169 (78.6) | 108 (75.5) | 61 (84.7) | 0.121 |
 Paxlovid | 6(2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 5 (6.9) | 0.008 |
 Molnupiravir | 11 (5.1) | 7 (4.9) | 4 (5.6) | 0.836 |
 Enoxaparin | 72 (33.5) | 443 (0.8) | 28 (38.9) | 0.234 |
 Mean daily steroid dose | 5.6 (6.0–6.8) | 6.0 (5.6–6.7) | 6.0 (5.6–7.2) | 0.580 |
 Newly renal replacement therapy | 21 (9.8) | 15 (10.5) | 6 (8.3) | 0.615 |
Initial vasopressor | 70 (32.6) | 45 (31.5) | 25 (34.7) | 0.631 |