Table 1 Maximum angulation of biopsy instruments
Maximum Angulation [°] | Anterograde Instruments flush | Anterograde Instruments 1.5 cm | Retrograde Instruments flush | Retrograde Instruments 1.5 cm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bronchoscope alone OD 6.2 mm | 156.9 ± 3.1 | 110.7 ± 4.3 | ||
with forceps OD 2.4 mm | 129.1 ± 2.8 | 132.3 ± 3,3 | 96.9 ± 2.7 | 95.7 ± 1.5 |
with needle OD 0.7 mm | 137.0 ± 3.0 | 148.4 ± 3.1 | 103.9 ± 3.1 | 108.3 ± 1.7 |
with catheter OD 2.3 mm | 133.3 ± 1.7 | 149.9 ± 2.0 | 101.9 ± 2.4 | 110.1 ± 2.3 |
with cryoprobe OD 1.9 mm | 119.5 ± 3.5 | 121.9 ± 1.6 | 82.5 ± 2.7 | 88.6 ± 1.1 |
Bronchoscope alone OD 5.1 mm | 203.0 ± 2.0 | 113.6 ± 1.7 | ||
with forceps OD 1.8 mm | 176.6 ± 3.6 | 167.0 ± 3.3 | 92.9 ± 2.2 | 90.7 ± 2.9 |
with needle OD 0.7 mm | 145.1 ± 3.6 | 180.5 ± 2.6 | 86.3 ± 2.1 | 102.3 ± 2.0 |
with catheter OD 1.8 mm | 190.1 ± 3.0 | 187.5 ± 3.8 | 99.9 ± 2.3 | 100.8 ± 1.4 |
Bronchoscope alone OD 3.7 mm | 203.9 ± 2.1 | 105.3 ± 1.1 | ||
with forceps OD 0.8 mm | 162.0 ± 3.7 | 157.3 ± 2.4 | 84.6 ± 2.0 | 90.6 ± 1.4 |
with forceps OD 1.0 mm | 143.2 ± 6.1 | 141.4 ± 3.1 | 64.3 ± 2.3 | 64.3 ± 1.0 |