Skip to main content
Download PDF

Biliary tract external drainage increases the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 in rat livers

European Journal of Medical Research volume 20, Article number: 61 (2015) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects cells by anti-oxidation, maintaining normal microcirculation and anti-inflammatory under stress. This study investigated the effects of biliary tract external drainage (BTED) on the expression levels of HO-1 in rat livers.

Methods

Biliary tract external drainage was performed by inserting a cannula into the bile duct. Sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized to the following groups: sham 1 h group; BTED 1 h group; bile duct ligation (BDL) 1 h group; sham 6 h group and BTED 6 h group. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of HO-1 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry.

Results

The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver of the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 1 and 6 h after surgery (p < 0.05).The expression levels of HO-1 in the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 1 and 6 h after surgery. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver in the BDL group decreased significantly compared with the sham group 1 h after surgery (p < 0.05).The expression levels of HO-1 in the BDL group decreased significantly compared with the sham group at this time.

Conclusion

Biliary tract external drainages increase the expression levels of HO-1 in the liver.

Background

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects cells by anti-oxidation, maintaining normal microcirculation and anti-inflammatory under stress. Four decades of research have witnessed the HO-1 system continues to fascinate researchers across many areas of basic and clinical sciences [1, 2]. Bilirubin may play an negative feedback on the formation of HO-1 according to this theory. We speculate that biliary tract external drainage (BTED) may induce compensatory increase in HO-1 expression via blocking the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin. Therefore, we explored effects of BTED on HO-1 expression in the liver.

Methods

Animal model

Sixty adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (250–300 g) were purchased from the Experimental Animal Center of Ruijin Hospital. Rats were housed and fed in accordance with the guidelines of the Committee on Care and Use of Laboratory Animal Resources approved by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medicine School Animal Care and Ethics Committee.

After a 1-week adaption period during which food and water were available ad libitum, rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham 1 h group; BTED 1 h group; bile duct ligation (BDL) 1 h group; sham 6 h group and BTED 6 h group. Rats were fasted overnight prior to experiments, but water was available ad libitum. Rats in the BTED group were intraperitoneally anesthetized with 3% sodium pentobarbital (0.2 ml/100 g). Laparotomies were performed after shaving and sterilization. Bile duct was exposed long enough for BTED. A catheter (inner diameter 0.4 mm; outer diameter 0.8 mm; length 20 cm) was inserted into the bile duct. The distal end of bile duct was ligated. The catheter was passed through the flank of rats to avoid bile passage into the gut and allow for the external collection of bile. In the BDL group, the bile duct was ligated. The abdomen was closed subsequently. Rats in the BDL group underwent pentobarbital anesthesia, laparotomy, bile duct ligation and suture. Rats in the sham group underwent pentobarbital anesthesia, laparotomy and suture. Twelve rats in every group were sacrificed at the point of setting time. Livers were collected.

The expression levels of HO-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) in the liver

Liver scrapings from all animals were snap frozen and stored at −80°C for real-time RT-PCR. Total RNA was extracted from the liver using TRIzol reagent. Aliquots (2 μg) of total RNA were used to synthesize complementary DNA (cDNA). Purity and content of RNA was determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. A reverse transcription reaction was conducted in a mixture containing random primers, Revert Aid Reverse Transcriptase, RNase inhibitor, and dNTPs. The PCR reaction mixture was prepared using an SYBR Premix Ex Taq with specific upstream and downstream primers. The thermal cycling conditions were 10 s at 95°C for the initial denaturation step followed by 40 cycles of 95°C for 5 s and 60°C for 20 s in a real-time PCR system (7500, ABI, Foster, USA). The mRNA levels of HO-1 are expressed relative to the sham rats using the ΔΔCt method. The primers for HO-1 were 5′-ACCCCACCAAGTTCAAACAG-3′ and 5′-GAGCAGGAAGGCGGT-CTTAG-3′. The primers for β-actin were 5′-GCGCTCGTCGTCGACAACGG-3′ and 5′-GTGTGGTGCCAAATCTTCTCC-3′.

Immunohistochemistry

Samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 4 µm. Sections were mounted onto APES-coated slides, deparaffinized, rehydrated, incubated in 3% hydrogen peroxide to quench any endogenous peroxidase activity, and washed with distilled water and PBS for 5 min. Sections were placed in 3% citrate buffer to repair antigens. The buffer was heated to a temperature of 92–98°C using a microwave and maintained at that temperature for 10 min. The sections were cooled to room temperature. A 10% nonimmune goat serum was applied to eliminate nonspecific staining. Sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with optimally diluted primary antibody. Primary antibody used for immunohistochemistry was a rabbit polyclonal to HO-1 (1:200). Sections were washed with PBS and incubated with a broad-spectrum second antibody for 30 min, rewashed, and incubated with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin for 15 min. Peroxidation activity was visualized via incubation with a peroxidase substrate solution (DAB kit). Sections were counterstained with hematoxylin.

Reagents

TRIzol lysate was purchased from the Invitrogen Company (Frederick, USA), The revertAid first stand cDNA synthesis kit was purchased from the Thermo Company (Lithuania, EU), the Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR kit was purchased from the Takara Company (Dalian, China), the HO-1 primers were synthesized by the Invitrogen Company (Shanghai, China), the anti-heme oxygenase 1 antibody was purchased from the Abcam Company (Cambridge, MA, USA), the immunohistochemistry kit was purchased from the Invitrogen Company (Frederick, USA).

Statistics

Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. All data are expressed as mean ± SE of mean values, and results were compared using the unpaired Student’s t test and one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test. A p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

Effects of BTED on the expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver

The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver of the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 1 h after surgery (p < 0.05) (Figure 1a). The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver of the BDL group decreased significantly compared with the sham group 1 h after surgery (p < 0.05) (Figure 1a). The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver of the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 6 h after surgery (p < 0.05) (Figure 1b).

Figure 1
figure 1

The expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA in the liver. a 1 h after operation; b 6 h after operation. Results are presented as mean ± SE of mean (n = 12). *p < 0.05, compared with the sham group. BTED biliary tract external drainage, BDL bile duct ligation.

Full size image

Immunohistochemistry

The expression levels of HO-1 in the liver of the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 1 h after surgery (Figure 2a, b). The expression levels of HO-1 in the liver of the BDL group decreased significantly compared with the sham group 1 h after surgery (Figure 2a, c). The expression levels of HO-1 in the liver of the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 6 h after surgery (Figures 2d, e).

Figure 2
figure 2

The expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the liver. a Sham 1 h group; b BTED 1 h group; c BDL 1 h group; d sham 6 h group; e BTED 6 h group. The expression levels of HO-1 in the liver increased significantly after BTED at 1 and 6 h after surgery. The expression levels of HO-1 in the liver decreased significantly after BDL at 1 h after surgery. BTED biliary tract external drainage, BDL bile duct ligation.

Full size image
Figure 3
figure 3

The three end-products of heme oxygenase-1 activity can protect cells against injury.

Full size image

Discussion

HO-1, a 32-kDa microsomal enzyme [3], catalyzes the rate-limiting step in oxidative degradation of heme to CO, biliverdin (soon reduced to bilirubin) and iron [4]. Since its discovery [5], studies have shown that HO-1 plays an important role in many modern medical disciplines, such as critical care [6–8], pulmonology [9–11], nephrology [12–14], gastroenterology [15–17], cardiology [18–20], neurology [21–23] and transplant immunology [24–26]. Sofalcone increases HO-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and blocks endothelial dysfunction [27]. The polymorphism of the guanidinium thiocyanate repeats in the HO-1 promoter region is associated with the development of necrotizing acute pancreatitis [28]. Capsaicin induces HO-1 expression in kidney tissues and ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction. Notably, the protective effects of capsaicin were completely abrogated by treatment with HO-1 inhibitor [29]. HO-1 expression protects the heart from acute injury [30].

The HO-1 system plays a vital role in anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and regulation of cytokine expression. The analysis of the HO-1 gene knockout mice showed that HO-1 is an important molecule in systemic responses to stress. Endothelial cells are more susceptible to cytotoxicity induced by pro-oxidant stimuli in this case and produce more intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) when challenged with such stimuli [31–33]. HO-dependent protection is due to the reaction products of HO activity. CO, biliverdin and iron each contribute to the restoration of cellular homeostasis under inducing conditions [34, 35]. CO decreases proinflammatory cytokine production [36–39], reduces apoptosis [40–42], improves organ function [43, 44] and increases survival [45–47]. Biliverdin and bilirubin, the end bile pigments of heme degradation, protect cells against injury caused by oxidative stress in vitro [46, 48, 49]. Iron potentially acts as a catalyst of deleterious pro-oxidant reactions [50–52] (Figure 3).

Bilirubin may play a role via negative feedback on the formation of HO-1 according to theory. We speculate that BTED may induce compensatory increases in HO-1 expression in the liver by blocking the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin. In this research, we found that the expression levels of HO-1 in the liver of the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group. The expression levels of HO-1 in the liver of the BDL group decreased significantly compared with the sham group. These results demonstrate that BTED may play important roles in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress and regulation of cytokine expression by increasing the expression levels of HO-1. Specific roles of BTED in the treatment of diseases require further study.

Conclusion

The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein in the liver increased significantly from 1 h after BTED and this effect lasts for more than 6 h. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein in the liver decreased significantly 1 h after BDL.

References

  1. Janssen A, Fiebiger S, Bros H, Hertwig L, Romero-Suarez S, Hamann I et al (2015) Treatment of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with epigallocatechin-3-gallate and glatiramer acetate alters expression of heme-oxygenase-1. PLoS One 10:e0130251

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Surolia R, Karki S, Kim H, Yu Z, Kulkarni T, Mirov SB et al (2015) Heme oxygenase-1 mediated autophagy protects against pulmonary endothelial cell death and development of emphysema in cadmium treated mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00097

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Verma A, Hirsch DJ, Glatt CE, Ronnett GV, Snyder SH (1993) Carbon monoxide: a putative neural messenger. Science 259:381–384

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Christodoulides N, Durante W, Kroll MH, Schafer AI (1995) Vascular smooth muscle cell heme oxygenases generate guanylyl cyclase-stimulatory carbon monoxide. Circulation 91:2306–2309

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Tenhunen R, Marver HS, Schmid R (1968) The enzymatic conversion of heme to bilirubin by microsomal heme oxygenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 61:748–755

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Hoetzel A, Leitz D, Schmidt R, Tritschler E, Bauer I, Loop T et al (2006) Mechanism of hepatic heme oxygenase-1 induction by isoflurane. Anesthesiology 104:101–109

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Kim YH, Yoon DW, Kim JH, Lee JH, Lim CH (2014) Effect of remote ischemic post-conditioning on systemic inflammatory response and survival rate in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammation model. J Inflamm (Lond) 11:16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhao B, Fei J, Chen Y, Ying YL, Ma L, Song XQ et al (2014) Vitamin C treatment attenuates hemorrhagic shock related multi-organ injuries through the induction of heme oxygenase-1. BMC Complement Altern Med 14:442

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Raval CM, Lee PJ (2010) Heme oxygenase-1 in lung disease. Curr Drug Targets 11:1532–1540

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Joo Choi R, Cheng MS, Shik Kim Y (2014) Desoxyrhapontigenin up-regulates Nrf2-mediated heme oxygenase-1 expression in macrophages and inflammatory lung injury. Redox Biol 2:504–512

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Shu YS, Tao W, Miao QB, Zhu YB, Yang YF (2014) Improvement of ventilation-induced lung injury in a rodent model by inhibition of inhibitory kappaB kinase. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 76:1417–1424

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Shin DH, Park HM, Jung KA, Choi HG, Kim JA, Kim DD et al (2010) The NRF2-heme oxygenase-1 system modulates cyclosporin A-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and renal fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 48:1051–1063

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Chung S, Yoon HE, Kim SJ, Koh ES, Hong YA, Park CW et al (2014) Oleanolic acid attenuates renal fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction via facilitating nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Nutr Metab (Lond) 11:2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chintagari NR, Nguyen J, Belcher JD, Vercellotti GM, Alayash AI (2015) Haptoglobin attenuates hemoglobin-induced heme oxygenase-1 in renal proximal tubule cells and kidneys of a mouse model of sickle cell disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis 54:302–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Yoda Y, Amagase K, Kato S, Tokioka S, Murano M, Kakimoto K et al (2010) Prevention by lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, of indomethacin -induced small intestinal ulceration in rats through induction of heme oxygenase-1. J Physiol Pharmacol 61:287–294

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Takano T, Yonemitsu Y, Saito S, Itoh H, Onohara T, Fukuda A et al (2012) A somatostatin analogue, octreotide, ameliorates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury through the early induction of heme oxygenase-1. J Surg Res 175:350–358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Niu X, de Graaf IA, van der Bij HA, Groothuis GM (2014) Precision cut intestinal slices are an appropriate ex vivo model to study NSAID-induced intestinal toxicity in rats. Toxicol In Vitro 28:1296–1305

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Motawi TK, Darwish HA (2011) Abd El Tawab AM. Effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on endotoxin-induced cardiac stress in rats: a possible mechanism of protection. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 25:84–94

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Lee YM, Cheng PY, Chim LS, Kung CW, Ka SM, Chung MT et al (2011) Baicalein, an active component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, improves cardiac contractile function in endotoxaemic rats via induction of heme oxygenase-1 and suppression of inflammatory responses. J Ethnopharmacol 135:179–185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Issan Y, Kornowski R, Aravot D, Shainberg A, Laniado-Schwartzman M, Sodhi K et al (2014) Heme oxygenase-1 induction improves cardiac function following myocardial ischemia by reducing oxidative stress. PLoS One 9:e92246

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ogawa T, Hanggi D, Steiger HJ (2011) Treatment of experimental cerebral vasospasm by protein transduction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) conjugated to a residue of 11 arginines. Acta Neurochir Suppl 112:111–113

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ashabi G, Khalaj L, Khodagholi F, Goudarzvand M, Sarkaki A (2014) Pre-treatment with metformin activates Nrf2 antioxidant pathways and inhibits inflammatory responses through induction of AMPK after transient global cerebral ischemia. Metab Brain Dis 30:747–754

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Trovato Salinaro A, Cornelius C, Koverech G, Koverech A, Scuto M, Lodato F et al (2014) Cellular stress response, redox status, and vitagenes in glaucoma: a systemic oxidant disorder linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Front Pharmacol 5:129

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Buchholz BM, Masutani K, Kawamura T, Peng X, Toyoda Y, Billiar TR et al (2011) Hydrogen-enriched preservation protects the isogeneic intestinal graft and amends recipient gastric function during transplantation. Transplantation 92:985–992

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Salahudeen AK, Yang M, Huang H, Dore S, Stec DE (2011) Fenoldopam preconditioning: role of heme oxygenase-1 in protecting human tubular cells and rodent kidneys against cold-hypoxic injury. Transplantation 91:176–182

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Noda K, Shigemura N, Tanaka Y, Bhama J, D’Cunha J, Kobayashi H et al (2014) Hydrogen preconditioning during ex vivo lung perfusion improves the quality of lung grafts in rats. Transplantation 98:499–506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Onda K, Tong S, Nakahara A, Kondo M, Monchusho H, Hirano T et al (2015) Sofalcone upregulates the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, reduces soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, and quenches endothelial dysfunction: potential therapeutic for preeclampsia. Hypertension 65:855–862

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Gulla A, Evans BJ, Navenot JM, Pundzius J, Barauskas G, Gulbinas A et al (2014) Heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism is associated with the development of necrotizing acute pancreatitis. Pancreas 43:1271–1276

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jung SH, Kim HJ, Oh GS, Shen A, Lee S, Choe SK et al (2014) Capsaicin ameliorates cisplatin-induced renal injury through induction of heme oxygenase-1. Mol Cells 37:234–240

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Hull TD, Bolisetty S, DeAlmeida AC, Litovsky SH, Prabhu SD, Agarwal A et al (2013) Heme oxygenase-1 expression protects the heart from acute injury caused by inducible Cre recombinase. Lab Invest 93:868–879

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Poss KD, Tonegawa S (1997) Reduced stress defense in heme oxygenase 1-deficient cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:10925–10930

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Larsen R, Gozzelino R, Jeney V, Tokaji L, Bozza FA, Japiassu AM et al (2010) A central role for free heme in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis. Sci Transl Med 2:51ra71

  33. Kovtunovych G, Ghosh MC, Ollivierre W, Weitzel RP, Eckhaus MA, Tisdale JF et al (2014) Wild-type macrophages reverse disease in heme oxygenase 1-deficient mice. Blood 124:1522–1530

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Ryter SW, Alam J, Choi AM (2006) Heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide: from basic science to therapeutic applications. Physiol Rev 86:583–650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ryter SW, Morse D, Choi AM (2007) Carbon monoxide and bilirubin: potential therapies for pulmonary/vascular injury and disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 36:175–182

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Nakao A, Kimizuka K, Stolz DB, Seda Neto J, Kaizu T, Choi AM et al (2003) Protective effect of carbon monoxide inhalation for cold-preserved small intestinal grafts. Surgery 134:285–292

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kohmoto J, Nakao A, Kaizu T, Tsung A, Ikeda A, Tomiyama K et al (2006) Low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury of transplanted rat lung grafts. Surgery 140:179–185

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Bakhautdin B, Das D, Mandal P, Roychowdhury S, Danner J, Bush K et al (2014) Protective role of HO-1 and carbon monoxide in ethanol-induced hepatocyte cell death and liver injury in mice. J Hepatol 61:1029–1037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Choi EK, Park HJ, Sul OJ, Rajesekaran M, Yu R, Choi HS (2015) Carbon monoxide reverses adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance upon loss of ovarian function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 308:621–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kaizu T, Nakao A, Tsung A, Toyokawa H, Sahai R, Geller DA et al (2005) Carbon monoxide inhalation ameliorates cold ischemia/reperfusion injury after rat liver transplantation. Surgery 138:229–235

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Schallner N, Fuchs M, Schwer CI, Loop T, Buerkle H, Lagreze WA et al (2012) Postconditioning with inhaled carbon monoxide counteracts apoptosis and neuroinflammation in the ischemic rat retina. PLoS One 7:e46479

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Nikolic I, Saksida T, Mangano K, Vujicic M, Stojanovic I, Nicoletti F et al (2014) Pharmacological application of carbon monoxide ameliorates islet-directed autoimmunity in mice via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Diabetologia 57:980–990

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Mazzola S, Forni M, Albertini M, Bacci ML, Zannoni A, Gentilini F et al (2005) Carbon monoxide pretreatment prevents respiratory derangement and ameliorates hyperacute endotoxic shock in pigs. FASEB J 19:2045–2047

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Yao L, Wang P, Chen M, Liu Y, Zhou L, Fang X et al (2014) Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules attenuate postresuscitation myocardial injury and protect cardiac mitochondrial function by reducing the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a rat model of cardiac arrest. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 20:330–341

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Otterbein LE, Otterbein SL, Ifedigbo E, Liu F, Morse DE, Fearns C et al (2003) MKK3 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mediates carbon monoxide-induced protection against oxidant-induced lung injury. Am J Pathol 163:2555–2563

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Nuhn P, Mitkus T, Ceyhan GO, Kunzli BM, Bergmann F, Fischer L et al (2013) Heme oxygenase 1-generated carbon monoxide and biliverdin attenuate the course of experimental necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas 42:265–271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Wang X, Qin W, Qiu X, Cao J, Liu D, Sun B (2014) A novel role of exogenous carbon monoxide on protecting cardiac function and improving survival against sepsis via mitochondrial energetic metabolism pathway. Int J Biol Sci 10:777–788

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Foresti R, Green CJ, Motterlini R (2004) Generation of bile pigments by haem oxygenase: a refined cellular strategy in response to stressful insults. Biochem Soc Symp 71:177–192

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Ben-Amotz R, Bonagura J, Velayutham M, Hamlin R, Burns P, Adin C (2014) Intraperitoneal bilirubin administration decreases infarct area in a rat coronary ischemia/reperfusion model. Front Physiol 5:53

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Kvam E, Hejmadi V, Ryter S, Pourzand C, Tyrrell RM (2000) Heme oxygenase activity causes transient hypersensitivity to oxidative ultraviolet A radiation that depends on release of iron from heme. Free Radic Biol Med 28:1191–1196

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Hurttila H, Koponen JK, Kansanen E, Jyrkkanen HK, Kivela A, Kylatie R et al (2008) Oxidative stress-inducible lentiviral vectors for gene therapy. Gene Ther 15:1271–1279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Yegin ZA, Iyidir OT, Demirtas C, Suyani E, Yetkin I, Pasaoglu H et al (2014) The interplay among iron metabolism, endothelium and inflammatory cascade in dysmetabolic disorders. J Endocrinol Invest 38:333–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors’ contributions

LW, EZC and EQM drafted the manuscript. LW, BZ, and YC participated in the surgical procedure. LW and BZ carried out the immunohistochemistry. LM carried out the real-time PCR. LW and YC performed the statistical analysis. EZC and EQM conceived of the study, and participated in the design of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81171789). We thank the staff of Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics for their technical support.

Compliance with ethical guidelines

Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China

    Lu Wang, Bing Zhao, Ying Chen, Li Ma, Er-Zhen Chen & En-Qiang Mao

Authors
  1. Lu Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Bing Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ying Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Li Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Er-Zhen Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. En-Qiang Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Er-Zhen Chen or En-Qiang Mao.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, L., Zhao, B., Chen, Y. et al. Biliary tract external drainage increases the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 in rat livers. Eur J Med Res 20, 61 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-015-0152-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-015-0152-2

Keywords

European Journal of Medical Research

ISSN: 2047-783X

Contact us