Calvieri C, Masselli G, Monti R, et al. Intramyocardial hemorrhage: an enigma for cardiac MRI? Biomed Res Int 2015:859073.
Kumar A, Green JD, Sykes JM, et al. Detection and quantification of myocardial reperfusion hemorrhage using T2*-weighted CMR. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2011;4(12):1274–83.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kali A, Tang RL, Kumar A, et al. Detection of acute reperfusion myocardial hemorrhage with cardiac MR imaging: T2 versus T2. Radiology. 2013;269(2):387–95.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cokic I, Kali A, Wang X, et al. Iron deposition following chronic myocardial infarction as a substrate for cardiac electrical anomalies: initial findings in a canine model. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(9): e73193.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Pavon AG, Georgiopoulos G, Vincenti G, et al. Head-to-head comparison of multiple cardiovascular magnetic resonance techniques for the detection and quantification of intramyocardial haemorrhage in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Radiol. 2021;31(3):1245–56.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Robbers LF, Eerenberg ES, Teunissen PF, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-defined areas of microvascular obstruction after acute myocardial infarction represent microvascular destruction and haemorrhage. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(30):2346–53.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Carrick D, Haig C, Ahmed N, et al. Myocardial Hemorrhage After Acute Reperfused ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Relation to Microvascular Obstruction and Prognostic Significance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016;9(1): e004148.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Konijnenberg LSF, Damman P, Duncker DJ, et al. Pathophysiology and diagnosis of coronary microvascular dysfunction in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(4):787–805.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mather AN, Fairbairn TA, Ball SG, et al. Reperfusion haemorrhage as determined by cardiovascular MRI is a predictor of adverse left ventricular remodelling and markers of late arrhythmic risk. Heart. 2011;97(6):453–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Regan DP, Ariff B, Neuwirth C, et al. Assessment of severe reperfusion injury with T2* cardiac MRI in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart. 2010;96(23):1885–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kandler D, Lücke C, Grothoff M, et al. The relation between hypointense core, microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial haemorrhage in acute reperfused myocardial infarction assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol. 2014;24(12):3277–88.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ding S, Li Z, Ge H, et al. Impact of Early ST-Segment Changes on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Verified Intramyocardial Haemorrhage and Microvascular Obstruction in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(35): e1438.
Article
Google Scholar
Durighel G, Tokarczuk PF, Karsa A, et al. Acute myocardial infarction: susceptibility-weighted cardiac MRI for the detection of reperfusion haemorrhage at 1.5 T. Clin Radiol 2016;71(3):e150–6.
Carrick D, Haig C, Ahmed N, et al. Temporal Evolution of Myocardial Hemorrhage and Edema in Patients After Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Pathophysiological Insights and Clinical Implications. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5(2): e002834.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hansen ES, Pedersen SF, Pedersen SB, et al. Cardiovascular MR T2-STIR imaging does not discriminate between intramyocardial haemorrhage and microvascular obstruction during the subacute phase of a reperfused myocardial infarction. Open Heart. 2016;3(1): e000346.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Amier RP, Tijssen RYG, Teunissen PFA, et al. Predictors of Intramyocardial Hemorrhage After Reperfused ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8): e005651.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bulluck H, Rosmini S, Abdel-Gadir A, et al. Diagnostic performance of T1and T2 mapping to detect intramyocardial hemorrhage in reperfused ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017;46(3):877–86.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Robbers LFHJ, Nijveldt R, Beek AM, et al. The influence of microvascular injury on native T1 and T2* relaxation values after acute myocardial infarction: implications for non-contrast-enhanced infarct assessment. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(2):824–32.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ma M, Diao KY, Yang ZG, et al. Clinical associations of microvascular obstruction and intramyocardial hemorrhage on cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI): An observational cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(30): e11617.
Article
Google Scholar
Ferré-Vallverdú M, Sánchez-Lacuesta E, Plaza-López D, et al. Prognostic value and clinical predictors of intramyocardial hemorrhage measured by CMR T2* sequences in STEMI. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;37(5):1735–44.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu T, Howarth AG, Chen Y, et al. Intramyocardial Hemorrhage and the “Wave Front” of Reperfusion Injury Compromising Myocardial Salvage. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(1):35–48.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nair AR, Johnson EA, Yang HJ, et al. Reperfused hemorrhagic myocardial infarction in rats. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(12): e0243207.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen X, Cui K, Xiu J, et al. Evaluation and simplified measurement of infarct size by myocardial contrast echocardiography in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2009;25(7):713–6.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xu Z, Chen W, Zhang R, et al. Human Recombinant Apyrase Therapy Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Preserves Left Ventricular Systolic Function in Rats, as Evaluated by 7T Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Korean J Radiol. 2020;21(6):647–59.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen W, Zhang B, Xia R, et al. T2 mapping at 7T MRI can quantitatively assess intramyocardial hemorrhage in rats with acute reperfused myocardial infarction in vivo. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;44(1):194–203.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xia R, Lu X, Zhang B, et al. Early Reperfusion Can Reduce Infarction Size but not Salvaged Myocardial Size in Acute Myocardial Infarction Rats. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015;8(5):616–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Xia R, Lu X, Zhang B, et al. Assessment of myocardial edema and area at risk in a rat model of myocardial infarction with a faster T2 mapping method. Acta Radiol. 2015;56(9):1085–90.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heusch G. Coronary microvascular obstruction: the new frontier in cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol. 2019;114(6):45.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Niccoli G, Montone RA, Ibanez B, et al. Optimized Treatment of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res. 2019;125(2):245–58.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hausenloy DJ, Chilian W, Crea F, et al. The coronary circulation in acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a target for cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;115(7):1143–55.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibanez B, Aletras AH, Arai AE, et al. Cardiac MRI Endpoints in Myocardial Infarction Experimental and Clinical Trials: JACC Scientific Expert Panel. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(2):238–56.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bönner F, Gastl M, Nienhaus F, et al. Regional analysis of inflammation and contractile function in reperfused acute myocardial infarction by in vivo 19F cardiovascular magnetic resonance in pigs. Basic Res Cardiol. 2022;117(1):21.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wang G, Yang HJ, Kali A, et al. Influence of Myocardial Hemorrhage on Staging of Reperfused Myocardial Infarctions With T2 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Insights Into the Dependence on Infarction Type With Ex Vivo Validation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2019;12(4):693–703.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
From the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS), American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology Society of Europe (CIRSE), et al. Multisociety Consensus Quality Improvement Revised Consensus Statement for Endovascular Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke. Int J Stroke 2018;13(6):612–32.