Fig. 5

Joint movement function. A is the control condition, B is the forward attention condition, C is the monitor attention condition, and D is the ankle joint attention condition. The bar graph shows the mean ± standard error of electromyography (EMG), contraction index (CI), ankle dorsiflexion peak torque (PT), and rate of joint movement development (RJD) of the Soleus (Sol) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. Analysis sessions are: (1), start of TA EMG to start of joint movement; (2), start of joint movement to end of joint movement; and (3), start of TA EMG to end of joint movement. The numerical units on each vertical axis are % maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for EMG, % for CI, Nm for ankle dorsiflexion PT, and °/s for RJD. The gray bars show the pre-intervention values (pre), and the blue bars show the post-intervention values (post). A paired t test was used to compare pre and post. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ‡p < 0.001