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Surveys from the USA, Australia and Spain have shown significant inter-institutional variation in delivery room (DR) management of very low birth weight infants (VLBWI, < 1500 g) at birth, despite regularly up...
The biodegradability of root canal sealers in areas other than the root canal system is crucial to the overall success rate of endodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate, the cell an...
Activation of hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been implicated in the development of human malignancies. Hh as well as related downstream target genes has been extensively studied in many kinds of malignant tumours f...
Processes of restenosis, following arterial injury, are complex involving different cell types producing various cytokines and enzymes. Among those enzymes, smooth muscle cell-derived matrix metalloproteinases...
Over 70-95% patients with PR3 ANCA pulmonary vasculitis present with upper respiratory tract symptoms or sings. Nasal cavity usually presents with obstruction and chronic refractory infections (rhinosinusitis)...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Influenza vaccinations are recommended for health professionals by the WHO and the CDC. Medical students are important health professionals not only as future physicians, but also due to their frequent contact...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are characteristic of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and are accompanied by neovascularisation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the angiogenic ...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The purpose of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the levels of air pollutants and respiratory function/physical efficiency of pre-adolescent children living in the Upper Silesian Indust...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Nitration of tyrosine and tyrosine-containing proteins and their roles in pathophysiology have just recently been reviewed. Despite low yields of tyrosine modifications, nitration of tyrosine residues may inac...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Several reports indicate that lungs are the extralymphatic site most commonly affected in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the data in children are rather limited. This retrospective study aimed to ass...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Nasal septum deformation (NSD) may cause breathing dysfunction. The reason for a septal deviation is the developmental anomaly in growth of the elastic septum or its skeleton. Such a type of deviation is calle...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Type 1 diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by an autoimmune, T-cell dependent destruction of insulin producing pancreatic beta cells. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are critical regulators of immune tole...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias (NCA) were analyzed in patients with sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) and controls. Occurrence and severity of NCA were compared in 33 SAHS patients and 16 control subjects, m...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
During pregnancy, especially during its third trimester, most pregnant women reported respiratory discomfort (dyspnea), despite the absence of previously coexisting respiratory illnesses. The aim of this study...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Codeine represents a commonly used drug to suppress cough. Central antitussive effect of codeine has been confirmed in a number of animal studies. However, available data related to antitussive activity of cod...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The European Directive 98/79/EC for in vitro diagnostic medical devices (IVD) regulates marketing and post marketing surveillance of IVD in the European Economic Area. Manufacturers have to inform the responsible...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
To characterize the ventilatory responses to resistive loading or unloading, we studied the effects of breathing 79% helium-21% oxygen (He-O2), 79% argon-21% oxygen (Ar-O2) and 79% SF6-21% oxygen (SF6-O2) on the ...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are diseases with high prevalence and major public health impact. There is evidence that regular snoring and OSA are independently associated with alterations ...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been increasing worldwide. As in adults, childhood obesity is closely related to hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance (I...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
TNF-α is one of the most important factors in the development and course of inflammation. It is suggested that polymorphism located in the 5'regulatory region of the TNF-α gene at position 308 (guanine [G]→ ad...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The vagus nerve plays a special role in the control of respiratory system activity which represents the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. A small bronchial innervation by the sympathetic sy...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors are present in central, the brain stem, and peripheral, the carotid body, tissues controlling the ventilatory responses to hypoxia. The exact action of serotonin and its natu...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Obesity is a multifactor disease with a very complicated etiology. Genetic factors play an important role in the development of primary obesity. They may be responsible for up to 40% of causes leading to obesi...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The development of obesity and related disorders, e.g., type II diabetes (T2D), hypertension, and metabolic disturbances is strongly related to increased levels in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and TN...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Coping with stress plays a vital role in the adjustment of adolescents with diabetes. The majority of studies in this area leave out the control group, limiting their power to make inferences about specificity vs
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
To assess the incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae respiratory tract infection in children and adolescents in the Lower Silesia Region in Poland in 2009.
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Oxygen transport is optimized at the cellular level, since oxygen serves as the terminal electron acceptor in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and several enzymatic processes require molecular oxygen as...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Children and young adults are more susceptible to pandemic A/H1N1v infection than older people. There are some publications concerning the course of the pandemic influenza among pediatric population but mostly...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Influenza is a considerable health problem all over the world. The most important group for influenza vaccination are children: the highest attack rate during community out-breaks of influenza can be found amo...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
In the more and more globalized world, the experience of moral pluralism (often related to, or based upon, religious pluralism) has become a common issue which ethical importance is undeniable. Potential confl...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
A twenty eight-year-old male presented with a two week history of dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, chest pain, and fever 38-39°C. He also complained of loss of appetite, general weakness and left leg pain for two m...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
A fifty-year-old female presented with a one month history of progressive dyspnea, productive cough, pain of elbows and knees, and 40°C fever despite antibiotic treatment. She has been diagnosed of bronchial a...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Angiogenesis occurs under physiological and pathological conditions and is regulated by cytokines and growth factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional angiogenic cytokine that pla...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Peripheral chemoreceptors residing predominantly in the carotid body monitor changes in arterial blood oxygen and are mechanistically linked to the cardiorespiratory control by the autonomic nervous system. En...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Chemosensory neurons respond to stimulation induced by gasses, volatile and non-volatile compounds. Neuronal excitation mediated via second messengers involves typically: cGMP, cAMP, or IP3. Transduction pathways...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
In the years 2007-2010 in the Department of Lung Diseases and Tuberculosis, Medical University of Silesia, 86 patients fulfilling ISHLT criteria qualified for lung transplantation.
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is one of the basic antigens involved in immune responses regulation associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the surf...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible progressive airflow limitation related to tobacco smoking. This limitation is caused by chronic inflammation of the airways and lun...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Fas/APO-1 (CD95) and Fas Ligand (FasL) is a major mediator system that activates programmed cell death (apoptosis) and is most important for pulmonary cellular homeostasis. Another form of Fas, circulating sol...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Workers chronically exposed to hexavalent chromium have elevated risk of lung cancer. Our study investigates the incidence of lung cancer types, age at onset of the disease, and survival time among chromium ex...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Leptin or obesity receptor (Ob-R) is a member of class I cytokine receptor family. Ob-R, expressed in six isoforms, is the product of alternative RNA splicing of db gene. According to its structural difference...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Menopause is a health and social problem that affects a large number of women. Inadequate quantity of steroid hormones also impacts quality of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. During menopausal age, man...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Increased care of fetal and neonatal airways has led to advances in neonatal medicine. The early diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases require a detailed knowledge of fetal airway anatomy and develop...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Breathing-related sleep disorders cover several conditions (isolated snoring, UARS - upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, hypopnea, obesity hypoventilation syndrome) characterized by a va...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Detection of allergen-induced basophil activation by flow cytometry has been shown to be a useful tool for allergy diagnosis.
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The resistance of T lymphocytes to Fas-mediated apoptosis is an important feature of atopic asthma. The only effective causative treatment of atopic diseases is immunotherapy. Clinical efficacy of sublingual i...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The study seeks to determine the relationships between neuroticism and extroversion, on the one side, and the perception of various dimensions of social stigma, on the other, in psychiatric in-patients with de...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
The aim of this study is to present the results of a self-reported evaluation of the psychoemotional status by dialysis patients. The level of self-esteem influences the emotions felt, both positive and negati...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
Oxidative stress developed at several disease states and strenuous resistive breathing lead to the elevation of plasma and cerebral levels of proinflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that the elevation of th...
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 2
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